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Table of Contents
Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D. C. 20549
FORM 10-K
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ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 or 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
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For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2010 |
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OR |
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TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
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For the transition period from to |
Commission File Number 001-33982
LIBERTY MEDIA CORPORATION
(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)
State of Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
84-1288730 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
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12300 Liberty Boulevard Englewood, Colorado (Address of principal executive offices) |
80112 (Zip Code) |
Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (720) 875-5400
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class | Name of exchange on which registered | |
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Series A Liberty Capital Common Stock, par value $.01 per share | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC | |
Series B Liberty Capital Common Stock, par value $.01 per share | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC | |
Series A Liberty Interactive Common Stock, par value $.01 per share | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC | |
Series B Liberty Interactive Common Stock, par value $.01 per share | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC | |
Series A Liberty Starz Common Stock, par value $.01 per share | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC | |
Series B Liberty Starz Common Stock, par value $.01 per share | The Nasdaq Stock Market LLC |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None
Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark if the Registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No ý
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ý No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of Registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. o
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," and "smaller reporting company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer ý |
Accelerated filer o | Non-accelerated filer o (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) |
Smaller reporting company o |
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes o No ý
The aggregate market value of the voting stock held by nonaffiliates of Liberty Media Corporation computed by reference to the last sales price of such stock, as of the closing of trading on June 30, 2010, was approximately $11.9 billion.
The number of shares outstanding of Liberty Media Corporation's common stock as of January 31, 2011 was:
Series A
Liberty Capital Common Stock74,236,804;
Series B Liberty Capital Common Stock7,360,492;
Series A Liberty Interactive Common Stock570,762,287;
Series B Liberty Interactive Common Stock29,054,371;
Series A Liberty Starz Common Stock49,131,696; and
Series B Liberty Starz Common Stock2,917,815 shares.
Documents
Incorporated by Reference
None.
LIBERTY MEDIA CORPORATION
2009 ANNUAL REPORT ON FORM 10-K
(a) General Development of Business
Liberty Media Corporation owns interests in subsidiaries and other companies which are engaged in the video and on-line commerce, media, communications and entertainment industries. Through our subsidiaries and affiliates, we operate in North America, Europe and Asia. Our principal businesses and assets include our consolidated subsidiaries QVC, Inc. and Starz, LLC and our equity affiliates Sirius XM Radio Inc. and Expedia, Inc.
In May 2006, we completed a restructuring pursuant to which we were organized as a new holding company, and we became the new publicly traded parent company of Liberty Media LLC, which was formerly known as Liberty Media Corporation, and which we refer to as "Old Liberty." As a result of the restructuring, all of the Old Liberty outstanding common stock was exchanged for our two tracking stocks, Liberty Interactive common stock and Liberty Capital common stock. Each tracking stock issued in the restructuring was intended to track and reflect the economic performance of one of two groups, the Interactive Group and the Capital Group, respectively.
On March 3, 2008, we completed a reclassification of our Liberty Capital common stock (herein referred to as "Old Liberty Capital common stock") whereby each share of Old Series A Liberty Capital common stock was reclassified into four shares of Series A Liberty Entertainment common stock and one share of new Series A Liberty Capital common stock, and each share of Old Series B Liberty Capital common stock was reclassified into four shares of Series B Liberty Entertainment common stock and one share of new Series B Liberty Capital common stock. The Liberty Entertainment common stock was intended to track and reflect the economic performance of our Entertainment Group, which was comprised of businesses and assets previously attributed to the Capital Group. The reclassification did not change the businesses, assets and liabilities attributed to the Interactive Group.
On November 19, 2009, we completed a split-off (the "LEI Split-Off") of our wholly owned subsidiary, Liberty Entertainment, Inc. ("LEI"), and the business combination transaction among our company, LEI and The DIRECTV Group, Inc. ("DIRECTV") (the "DTV Business Combination"). The LEI Split-Off was accomplished by a partial redemption of 90% of the outstanding shares of Liberty Entertainment common stock in exchange for all of the outstanding shares of common stock of LEI, pursuant to which, 0.9 of each outstanding share of Liberty Entertainment common stock was redeemed for 0.9 of a share of the corresponding series of common stock of LEI, with payment of cash in lieu of any fractional shares. LEI held our 57% interest in DIRECTV, a 100% interest in Liberty Sports Holdings, LLC, a 65% interest in Game Show Network, LLC and approximately $120 million in cash and cash equivalents, and approximately $2 billion of indebtedness. All of the businesses, assets and liabilities that were attributed to the Entertainment Group and were not held by LEI have remained with our company and continue to be attributed to the Entertainment Group, which we have redesignated as the Starz Group. The businesses that were held by LEI are accounted for as discontinued operations in the periods presented.
Immediately following the LEI Split-Off, we, LEI and DIRECTV completed the DTV Business Combination, and each of LEI and DIRECTV became wholly owned subsidiaries of a new public holding company named DIRECTV ("Holdings"). Pursuant to the DTV Business Combination, (i) John C. Malone, Chairman of the boards of Liberty Media, LEI and DIRECTV, and certain related persons (collectively, "the Malones") contributed each of their shares of LEI Series B common stock to Holdings for 1.11130 shares of Holdings Class B common stock (with payment of cash in lieu of any fractional shares), (ii) LEI merged with a wholly-owned subsidiary of Holdings, and each share of LEI common stock (other than shares of LEI Series B common stock held by the Malones) was exchanged for 1.11130 shares of Holdings Class A common stock (with payment of cash in lieu of any fractional shares), and (iii) DIRECTV merged with a wholly-owned subsidiary of Holdings, and each share of DIRECTV common stock was exchanged for one share of Holdings Class A common stock.
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During the second quarter of 2010, Liberty announced that its board of directors had authorized its management to proceed with a plan to separate its Liberty Capital and Liberty Starz tracking stock groups from its Liberty Interactive tracking stock group.
The proposed split-off will be effected by the redemption of all the outstanding shares of Liberty Capital tracking stock and Liberty Starz tracking stock in exchange for shares in a newly formed company ("Splitco"). Splitco will hold all the assets and be subject to all the liabilities attributed to the Liberty Capital and Liberty Starz tracking stock groups. In February of 2011 we changed the attribution of approximately $264 million of cash, exchangeable debt in the principal amount of $1.1 billion and the stock into which such debt is exchangeable from Liberty Capital to Liberty Interactive. The common stock of Splitco will be divided into two tracking stock groups, one tracking assets that are currently attributed to the Liberty Capital group ("Splitco Capital") and the other tracking assets that are currently attributed to the Liberty Starz group ("Splitco Starz"). In the redemption, holders of Liberty Capital tracking stock will receive shares of Splitco Capital tracking stock and holders of Liberty Starz tracking stock will receive shares of Splitco Starz tracking stock. After the redemption, Splitco and Liberty will be separate public companies.
The proposed split-off is intended to be tax-free to stockholders of Liberty and its completion will be subject to various conditions including the receipt of IRS private letter rulings, the opinions of tax counsel and required governmental approvals. The redemption that is necessary to effect the proposed split-off will require the affirmative vote of (i) a majority of the voting power of the outstanding shares of Liberty Capital tracking stock and (ii) a majority of the voting power of the outstanding shares of Liberty Starz tracking stock, in each case, present and voting at a meeting called to consider the redemption. On August 6, 2010, Liberty announced that it had filed suit in the Delaware Court of Chancery against the trustee under the indenture governing the public indebtedness issued by the Company's subsidiary, Liberty Media LLC. The lawsuit was filed in response to allegations made by a law firm purporting to represent a holder with a large position in this public indebtedness. The lawsuit seeks a declaratory judgment by the court that the proposed split-off will not constitute a disposition of "all or substantially all" of the assets of Liberty Media LLC, as those terms are used in the indenture, as well as related injunctive relief. Resolution of the subject matter of this lawsuit is a condition to Liberty completing the proposed split-off. Subject to the satisfaction of the conditions described above, Liberty intends to complete the proposed split-off in the first half of 2011.
A tracking stock is a type of common stock that the issuing company intends to reflect or "track" the economic performance of a particular business or "group," rather than the economic performance of the company as a whole. While the Interactive Group, the Starz Group and the Capital Group have separate collections of businesses, assets and liabilities attributed to them, no group is a separate legal entity and therefore cannot own assets, issue securities or enter into legally binding agreements. Holders of tracking stocks have no direct claim to the group's stock or assets and are not represented by separate boards of directors. Instead, holders of tracking stock are stockholders of the parent corporation, with a single board of directors and subject to all of the risks and liabilities of the parent corporation.
The term "Interactive Group" does not represent a separate legal entity, rather it represents those businesses, assets and liabilities which we have attributed to that group. The assets and businesses we have attributed to the Interactive Group are those engaged in video and on-line commerce, and include our subsidiaries QVC, Inc., Provide Commerce, Inc., Backcountry.com, Inc., Bodybuilding.com, LLC and Celebrate Interactive Holdings, Inc., and our interests in Expedia, Inc., HSN, Inc., Interval Leisure Group, Inc. and Tree.com, Inc. The Interactive Group will also include such other businesses, assets and liabilities that our board of directors may in the future determine to attribute to the Interactive Group, including such other businesses and assets as we may acquire for the Interactive Group. In addition, we have attributed $3,075 million principal amount (as of December 31, 2010) of our senior notes and debentures to the Interactive Group.
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Similarly, the term "Starz Group" does not represent a separate legal entity, rather it represents those businesses, assets and liabilities which we have attributed to that group. The Starz Group focuses primarily on video programming and includes our subsidiaries, Starz, LLC and Liberty Sports Interactive, Inc. In addition, we have attributed approximately $878 million (as of December 31, 2010) of cash and cash equivalents, including subsidiary cash, to the Starz Group. As of September 30, 2010 Starz Media, LLC ("Starz Media") is attributed to the Starz Group and the remaining businesses are included in Starz, LLC. The Starz Group will also include such other businesses, assets and liabilities that our board of directors may in the future determine to attribute to the Starz Group, including such other businesses as we may acquire for the Starz Group.
The term "Capital Group" also does not represent a separate legal entity, rather it represents all of our businesses, assets and liabilities other than those which have been attributed to the Interactive Group or the Starz Group. The assets and businesses attributed to the Capital Group include our subsidiaries: Starz Media through September 30, 2010, Atlanta National League Baseball Club, Inc. and TruePosition, Inc.; and our interests in Sirius XM Radio, Inc., Live Nation Entertainment, Inc., Time Warner Inc. and Sprint Nextel Corporation. The Capital Group will also include such other businesses, assets and liabilities that our board of directors may in the future determine to attribute to the Capital Group, including such other businesses and assets as we may acquire for the Capital Group. In addition, we have attributed $1,212 million of cash, including subsidiary cash, and $1,888 million principal amount (as of December 31, 2010) of our senior exchangeable debentures and other parent debt to the Capital Group.
See Exhibit 99.1 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K for unaudited attributed financial information for our tracking stock groups.
Recent Developments
As discussed above, during 2010 we announced a plan to separate the Liberty Capital and the Liberty Starz tracking stock groups from the Liberty Interactive tracking stock group.
During 2010 we also reattributed certain assets, businesses and debt between the tracking stock groups.
In February of 2010, we made the following changes in attribution between the Capital Group and the Interactive Group:
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In September of 2010, we changed the attribution of Starz Media, LLC along with $15 million in cash from the Liberty Capital tracking stock group to the Liberty Starz tracking stock group, effective September 30, 2010. This change in attribution extinguished a $55 million intergroup payable owed by the Capital Group to the Starz Group and the Starz Group additionally became attributed with $54 million in bank debt, interest rate swaps and any shut down costs associated with winding down Overture Films' business.
During 2010 QVC issued $1 billion principal amount of Senior Notes and used the proceeds to retire outstanding term loans. Additionally, QVC entered into a new credit agreement for a revolving credit facility and drew funds under the new credit facility to repay the remaining outstanding term loans under the previous bank facility.
In December of 2010 we exchanged our entire interest in InterActiveCorp ("IAC") for all of the capital stock of a wholly-owned subsidiary of IAC that holds the Evite and Gifts.com businesses, and approximately $218 million in cash.
On February 9, 2011, Liberty Media's board approved a change in attribution of $1,138 million in principal amount of the 3.125% Exchangeable Senior Debentures due 2023, the stock of Time Warner Inc., Time Warner Cable, Inc. and AOL, Inc., into which such debt is exchangeable, and cash of approximately $264 million from the Capital Group to the Interactive Group (the "TWX Reattribution").
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Certain statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including statements regarding our business, product and marketing strategies; new service offerings; revenue growth and subscriber trends at QVC, Inc. and Starz, LLC; losses to be incurred by QVC-Italy; anticipated programming and marketing costs at Starz, LLC; the recoverability of our goodwill and other long-lived assets; counterparty performance under our derivative arrangements; our projected sources and uses of cash; the estimated value of our derivative instruments; and the anticipated non-material impact of certain contingent liabilities related to legal and tax proceedings and other matters arising in the ordinary course of business. In particular, statements under Item 1. "Business," Item 1A. "Risk-Factors," Item 2. "Properties," Item 3. "Legal Proceedings," Item 7. "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and Item 7A. "Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk" contain forward-looking statements. Where, in any forward-looking statement, we express an expectation or belief as to future results or events, such expectation or belief is expressed in good faith and believed to have a reasonable basis, but there can be no assurance that the expectation or belief will result or be achieved or accomplished. The following include some but not all of the factors that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from those anticipated:
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These forward-looking statements and such risks, uncertainties and other factors speak only as of the date of this Annual Report, and we expressly disclaim any obligation or undertaking to disseminate any updates or revisions to any forward-looking statement contained herein, to reflect any change in our expectations with regard thereto, or any other change in events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statement is based. When considering such forward-looking statements, you should keep in mind the factors described in Item 1A, "Risk Factors" and other cautionary statements contained in this Annual Report. Such risk factors and statements describe circumstances which could cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statement.
This Annual Report includes information concerning public companies in which we have non-controlling interests that file reports and other information with the SEC in accordance with the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Information contained in this Annual Report concerning those companies has been derived from the reports and other information filed by them with the SEC. If you would like further information about these companies, the reports and other information they file with
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the SEC can be accessed on the Internet website maintained by the SEC at www.sec.gov. Those reports and other information are not incorporated by reference in this Annual Report.
(b) Financial Information About Operating Segments
Through our ownership of interests in subsidiaries and other companies, we are primarily engaged in the video and on-line commerce, media, communications and entertainment industries. Each of these businesses is separately managed.
We identify our reportable segments as (A) those consolidated subsidiaries that represent 10% or more of our consolidated revenue, pre-tax earnings or total assets and (B) those equity method affiliates whose share of earnings represent 10% or more of our pre-tax earnings. Financial information related to our operating segments can be found in note 20 to our consolidated financial statements found in Part II of this report.
(c) Narrative Description of Business
The following table identifies our more significant subsidiaries and minority investments within each of the Interactive Group, the Starz Group and the Capital Group.
Interactive Group
Consolidated Subsidiaries
QVC, Inc.
Provide Commerce, Inc.
Backcountry.com, Inc.
Bodybuilding.com, LLC
Celebrate Interactive Holdings, Inc.
LMC Right Start, Inc.
Equity and Cost Method Investments
Expedia, Inc. (Nasdaq:EXPE)
HSN, Inc. (Nasdaq:HSNI)
Interval Leisure Group, Inc. (Nasdaq:IILG)
Tree.com, Inc. (Nasdaq:TREE)
Starz Group
Consolidated Subsidiaries
Starz, LLC
Liberty Sports Interactive, Inc.
Capital Group
Consolidated Subsidiaries
Atlanta National League Baseball Club, Inc.
TruePosition, Inc.
Equity and Cost Method Investments
Sirius XM Radio Inc. (Nasdaq:SIRI)
Live Nation Entertainment, Inc. (NYSE:LYV)
Time Warner Inc. (NYSE:TWX)(1)
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Interactive Group
The Interactive Group is focused on video and on-line commerce through its interests in QVC and the e-commerce businesses. Our strategy is to continue QVC's organic growth in its existing markets while exploring opportunities for expansion in additional international markets. In this regard, QVC has launched programming in Italy in the fall of 2010. We will also seek to acquire e-commerce businesses and leverage their strengths as on-line retailers. In this regard, we acquired Provide Commerce and BuySeasons in 2006, Backcountry.com and Bodybuilding.com in 2007 and in 2010 we exchanged our ownership interest in IAC for a subsidiary of IAC which owns the Evite and Gift.com businesses. The BuySeasons businesses were combined with these new businesses into Celebrate Interactive Holdings, Inc.
QVC, Inc.
QVC, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary, markets and sells a wide variety of consumer products in the U.S. and several foreign countries primarily through live televised shopping programs and via the Internet through its U.S. and international websites. QVC programming is divided into segments that are televised live with a host who presents the merchandise, sometimes with the assistance of a guest who is knowledgeable about the merchandise, and conveys information relating to the product to QVC's viewers. QVC's websites offer a complement to televised shopping by allowing consumers to purchase a wide assortment of goods that were previously offered on the QVC television programs, as well as other items that are available from QVC only via its websites. For the year ended December 31, 2010, approximately 33% of QVC's U.S. revenue and approximately 28% of QVC's total revenue was generated from sales of merchandise ordered through its various websites.
QVC offers a variety of merchandise at competitive prices. QVC purchases, or obtains on consignment, products from domestic and foreign manufacturers and wholesalers, often on favorable terms based upon the volume of the transactions. QVC classifies its merchandise into four groups: home (including electronics), apparel, accessories (including beauty products) and jewelry. For the year ended December 31, 2010, home, apparel, accessories and jewelry accounted for approximately 48%, 14%, 25% and 13%, respectively, of QVC's net revenue generated by its United States operations. In 2009, such percentages for home, apparel, accessories and jewelry were 47%, 13%, 24% and 16%, respectively. QVC offers products in each of these merchandise groups that are exclusive to QVC, as well as popular brand names and other products also available from other retailers. QVC's products are often endorsed by celebrities, designers and other well known personalities who often join QVC's hosts to personally promote their products. QVC does not depend on any single supplier or designer for a significant portion of its inventory.
QVC distributes its television programs, via satellite or optical fiber, to multichannel television distributors for retransmission to subscribers in the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, Italy and neighboring countries that receive QVC's programming signals. In the U.S. QVC uplinks its analog programming from its uplink facility in Pennsylvania and uplinks its digital transmission using a third-party service. Both transmissions are uplinked to a protected, non-preemptible transponder on a U.S. satellite. "Protected" status means that, in the event of a transponder failure, QVC's signal will be transferred to a spare transponder or, if none is available, to a preemptible transponder located on the same satellite or, in certain cases, to a transponder on another satellite owned by the same service provider if one is available at the time of the failure. "Non-preemptible" status means that, in the event of a transponder failure, QVC's transponders cannot be preempted in favor of a user of a failed transponder, even another user with "protected status". QVC's international business units each obtain uplinking services from third parties and transmit their programming to non-preemptible transponders on five international satellites. QVC's transponder service agreement for its U.S. transponder expires at the end of the life of the satellite, which is currently estimated to be in 2019. QVC's transponder service agreements for its international transponders expire in 2011 through 2020.
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QVC enters into long-term affiliation agreements with certain of its multichannel television distributors who downlink QVC's programming and distribute the programming to their customers. QVC's affiliation agreements with these distributors have termination dates ranging from 2011 to 2019. QVC's ability to continue to sell products to its customers is dependent on its ability to maintain and renew these affiliation agreements in the future. In this regard, QVC's affiliation agreement with Comcast Corporation, which accounts for approximately 23% of QVC's U.S. distribution, expired in June 2009. QVC is currently operating under a quarterly self-renewing extension of the original agreement that will be in effect until either party gives 30 days notice.
In return for carrying the QVC signals, each programming distributor in the United States receives an allocated portion, based upon market share, of up to 5% of the net sales of merchandise sold via the television programs to customers located in the programming distributor's service areas. In the United Kingdom, Germany, Japan and Italy programming distributors receive an agreed-upon annual fee, a monthly fee per subscriber regardless of the net sales or a variable percentage of net sales. In addition to sales-based commissions or per-subscriber fees, QVC may also make payments to distributors for carriage and to secure favorable positioning on channel 35 or below or in the general entertainment area on the distributor's channel line-up. QVC believes that a portion of its sales are attributable to purchases resulting from channel "surfing" and that a channel position near broadcast networks and more popular cable networks increases the likelihood of such purchases. As technology evolves, QVC continues to monitor optimal channel placement and attempts to negotiate agreements with their distributors to maximize the viewership of their television programming.
QVC's shopping program is telecast live 24 hours a day to approximately 100 million homes in the United States. QVC Shopping Channel reaches approximately 24 million households in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland and is broadcast 24 hours a day with 17 hours of live programming. QVC's shopping network in Germany, reaches approximately 40 million households throughout Germany and Austria and is broadcast live 24 hours a day. QVC Japan, QVC's joint venture with Mitsui & Co., LTD, reaches approximately 24 million households and is broadcast live 24 hours a day. QVC's shopping network in Italy reaches approximately 18 million households and is broadcast live 17 hours a day on satellite and public television and an additional 7 hours a day of recorded programming on satellite television. QVC strives to maintain promptness and efficiency in order taking and fulfillment. QVC has three U.S. phone centers, one phone center in each of the United Kingdom, Japan and Italy and two call centers in Germany. QVC's U.S. and Germany phone centers can direct calls from one call center to another as volume mandates, which reduces a caller's hold time, helping to ensure that orders will not be lost as a result of abandoned or unanswered calls. Each market, except Italy, also utilizes home agents allowing staffing flexibility for peak hours. QVC additionally utilizes computerized voice response units, which handle approximately 34% of all orders taken. QVC is in the process of implementing a Call Center Management and Customer Relationship Management Analytics System to continuously monitor its customers' buying patterns to facilitate up-sell and cross-sell of its product offerings.
In addition to taking orders from its customers through phone centers and online, QVC continues to explore new ordering technologies. For example, QVC's United Kingdom customers can order products directly through a television remote control "buy button." Customers in Japan placed approximately 9% of all orders directly through their mobile phones. QVC is also expanding mobile phone ordering capabilities in the U.S. and has launched several mobile applications, including text to order, a WAP (wireless application protocol) website and marketing alerts. QVC has eight distribution centers worldwide and is able to ship approximately 91% of its orders within 48 hours.
QVC's business is seasonal due to a higher volume of sales in the fourth calendar quarter related to year-end holiday shopping. In recent years, QVC has earned 22%-24% of its revenue in each of the first three quarters of the year and 29%-33% of its revenue in the fourth quarter of the year.
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Provide Commerce, Inc.
Provide Commerce, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary that we acquired in February 2006, operates an e-commerce marketplace of websites that offers high-quality perishable products direct from suppliers to consumers. In addition to its perishable products, Provide Commerce sells a wide range of unique and personalized gifts through its RedEnvelope and Personal Creations brands, which it acquired in 2008 and 2010, respectively. Provide Commerce combines an online storefront, proprietary supply chain management technology, established supplier relationships and integrated logistical relationships with FedEx Corporation and United Parcel Service, Inc. to create a market platform that bypasses traditional supply chains of wholesalers, distributors and retailers. Provide Commerce derives its revenue from the sale of flowers and plants on its proflowers.com and proplants.com websites and from the sale of gourmet foods from its branded websites: Cherry Moon Farms, for fresh premium fruits; Shari's Berries, for chocolate-dipped berries and related gifting products; and from the sale of gifts on RedEnvelope and Personal Creations.
Provide Commerce initially launched its marketplace to sell and deliver flowers which continues to be its most significant product. Provide Commerce later expanded its offerings to include fresh premium fruits and confections and unique personalized gifts. Provide Commerce's business is highly seasonal due largely to purchases of flowers and other gifts for Valentine's Day and Mother's Day. In 2010, Provide Commerce earned approximately 65% of its revenue in the first half of the year. Provide Commerce depends on three suppliers for approximately 50% of its floral products. The loss of any of these suppliers could adversely impact Provide Commerce.
Provide Commerce believes that one of the keys to its success is its ability to deliver products on time and fresher than its competitors thereby providing a better value for its customers. Provide Commerce maintains a customer service center located at its corporate headquarters to respond to customer phone calls and emails 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
Backcountry.com, Inc.
We acquired 81% of the equity of Backcountry.com, Inc. in June 2007. Backcountry is an e-commerce marketplace for outdoor adventure, cycling and action sports gear and clothing. Its nine separate websites cater to a variety of outdoor enthusiasts. Four of the sites offer name-brand products at retail prices, one closeout site and four offer substantial discounts to online shoppers on a one-deal-at-a-time basis.
Backcountry's primary site, Backcountry.com, offers over 500 brands and over 60,000 items of high-end gear and clothing for backpacking, camping, trail running, skiing, rock climbing, kayaking and other outdoor sports. Backcountry's snowboarding-specific site, DogFunk.com, sells technical and lifestyle apparel and gear from established brands and niche manufacturers. HucknRoll.com and RealCyclist.com sell mountain bikes and road bikes, respectively, at retail prices. Backcountry's online outlet store, DepartmentOfGoods.com, sells discounted clothing and gear from past seasons. Backcountry's one-deal-at-a-time sites, SteepandCheap.com, WhiskeyMilitia.com, Chainlove.com and BonkTown.com, feature a limited quantity of one highly discounted item at a time until such item sells out or times out, at which time it is immediately replaced with a new item. SteepandCheap.com serves backcountry adventurers and outdoor enthusiasts. WhiskeyMilitia.com appeals to skateboarders, surfers, snowboarders and wakeboarders. Chainlove.com is geared toward mountain bikers. BonkTown.com sells road bike gear.
Backcountry's business is seasonal, with approximately 40% of its revenue earned in the fourth quarter. Backcountry stores and ships all inventory from its distribution centers, located in Salt Lake City, Utah. Staffing for the customer service center and warehouse is scalable, and Backcountry employs seasonal labor to react to higher volume during peak periods of the year.
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Bodybuilding.com, LLC
On December 31, 2007, we acquired 82.9% of Bodybuilding.com, LLC. On December 29, 2010 the Company acquired an additional 2.8% of the Company, giving us overall ownership of 85.7%. Bodybuilding.com is an Internet retailer of sports, fitness and nutritional supplements. It also hosts an informational SuperSite which contains free content about fitness, work-out programs, overall health & nutrition and motivation. The online e-retail model combines detailed product information and real-time user reviews on more than 12,000 health & fitness supplements and accessories to help more than 7.5 million people each month achieve their health, fitness and appearance goals.
Bodybuilding.com's customers include gym-goers, sport specific focused athletes, tri-athletes, weightlifters and bodybuilders, and any individual wanting to improve his or her overall mental or physical wellbeing. Unlike other online health and fitness supplement retailers, Bodybuilding.com is truly a holistic experience for those looking to achieve their goals. BodySpace is an inclusive social networking site within Bodybuilding.com that allows people of varying health and fitness levels to discuss goal setting, techniques, supplementation and achievements.
Bodybuilding.com launched its primary web-site in 1999 and now has over 25,000 pages of editorial content, more than 12,500 pages of store content, 3.3 million forum threads, 60 million forum posts and more than 700,000 BodySpace members. Bodybuilding.com stands above the rest with the world's largest social fitness network and the industry's largest Forum.
Bodybuilding.com earns revenue primarily from the sale of health & fitness supplements and accessories on its website. Bodybuilding.com's business is slightly seasonal with the first quarter of the year being its busiest as people start to implement their health and fitness New Year resolutions.
Celebrate Interactive Holdings, Inc.
Celebrate Interactive Holdings Inc. ("Celebrate") is a wholly-owned subsidiary that was created in December 2010 to reflect our positioning as the internet Celebrations leader. This new entity intends to provide a more streamlined party offering by giving individuals the resources necessary to plan, execute and attend a wide variety of celebrations and costuming events. These resources include, event planning services, which are free to Evite customers as revenue is driven primarily through online advertising, party supplies primarily through the Celebrate Express brands, including an offering of proprietary product from exclusive license agreements, costumes for a wide variety of occasions (primary occasion is Halloween) and a search engine for gifts of any occasion. While over 70% of the costume and accessory products, offered on our website, are also available from other on-line and traditional brick-and-mortar retailers, Celebrate believes that no other single retailer offers the range of costume and party supplies that Celebrate offers to its customers. Celebrate purchases its products from various suppliers, both domestic and international. Celebrate depends on three suppliers for approximately 31% of its costumes, accessories, and party supplies. The loss of any of these suppliers could adversely impact Celebrate.
Celebrate believes that it has a competitive advantage due to the combination of a large assortment of on-line products, value pricing and a high level of customer service. Celebrate's business is highly seasonal with over 50% of its revenue earned from the sale of costumes in September and October leading up to Halloween. Since the acquisition of Celebrate Express, Celebrate has seen the seasonality decrease due to significantly higher sales of birthday party supplies which is a less seasonal business. Additionally, with the acquisition of Evite and Gifts.com it is anticipated that seasonality will continue to decrease slightly as these businesses are integrated into Celebrate's operations. Celebrate maintains a customer service center at its corporate headquarters, and customer service representatives are available 18 hours a day, seven days a week during its busy season to respond to customer questions. The customer service center and warehouse staffing is scalable, and Celebrate employs seasonal labor to react to higher volume during the peak Halloween season.
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CommerceHub
CommerceHub is a drop ship solution for online retailers that would like to expand their product offering but may not have the capacity for warehousing and fulfillment of products. CommerceHub is a one stop solution for both sides of the transaction and allows each of the systems, at the vendor and retailer, to seamlessly share information.
LMC Right Start, Inc.
LMC Right Start, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary created in May 2009, is a leading retailer of juvenile products for infants through toddlers. Right Start offers an internet retailing experience combined with traditional brick-and-mortar destinations including six stores in California, two stores in Texas and one in Illinois.
Right Start offers a carefully selected assortment of the finest quality strollers, car seats, developmental toys, books, videos, music, nursery accessories, and home safety items, plus a complete assortment of care products. In addition, it offers both on-line and on-site expertise, as well as a premier baby registry experience, designed to assist with parenting decisions, right from the start.
Expedia, Inc.
Expedia, Inc. is among the world's leading travel services companies, making travel products and services available to leisure and corporate travelers in the United States and abroad through a diversified portfolio of brands, including Expedia.com, Hotels.com, Venere.com, Hotwire.com, Egencia, Classic Vacations and TripAdvisor and a range of other domestic and international brands and businesses. Expedia's various brands and businesses target the needs of different consumers, including those who are focused exclusively on price and those who are focused on the breadth of product selection and quality of services. Expedia has created an easily accessible global travel marketplace, allowing customers to research, plan and book travel products and services from travel suppliers and allowing these travel suppliers to efficiently reach and provide their products and services to Expedia customers. Through its diversified portfolio of domestic and international brands and businesses, Expedia makes available, on a stand-alone and package basis, travel products and services provided by numerous airlines, lodging properties, car rental companies, cruise lines and destination service providers, such as attractions and tours. Using a portfolio approach for Expedia's brands and businesses allows it to target a broad range of customers looking for different value propositions. Expedia reaches many customers in several countries and multiple continents through its various brands and businesses, typically customizing international points of sale to reflect local language, currency, customs, traveler behavior and preferences and local hotel markets, all of which may vary from country to country.
Expedia generates revenue by reserving travel services as the merchant of record and reselling these services to customers at a profit. Expedia also generates revenue by passing reservations booked by its customers to the relevant services for a fee or commission and from advertising on its websites.
We indirectly own an approximate 25% equity interest and 58% voting interest in Expedia. We have entered into governance arrangements pursuant to which Mr. Barry Diller, Chairman of the Board and Senior Executive Officer of Expedia, has voted our shares of Expedia, subject to certain limitations. Also through our governance arrangements with Mr. Diller, we have the right to appoint and have appointed 20% of the members of Expedia's board of directors, which is currently comprised of 10 members.
HSN, Inc.
HSN became a public company in August 2008 in connection with the separation of IAC into five separate companies. HSN is an interactive multi-channel retailer with strong direct-to-consumer
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expertise among its two operating segments, HSN and Cornerstone Brands. HSN offers innovative, differentiated retail experiences on TV, online, in catalogs, and in brick and mortar stores. HSN ships 50 million items and handles 50 million inbound customer calls annually. HSN now reaches over 90 million homes (broadcast live 24 hours a day, seven days a week). HSN.com ranks in the top 30 of Internet retailers, is one of the top 10 trafficked e-commerce sites, and has more than a quarter million unique users every day. Cornerstone Brands comprises leading home and apparel lifestyle brands including Ballard Design, Frontgate, Garnet Hill, Grandin Road, Improvements, Smith+Nobel, The Territory Ahead and Travelsmith. Cornerstone Brands distributes 324 million catalogs annually, operates eight separate e-commerce sites, and runs 25 retail stores.
We own approximately 32% of the outstanding common stock of HSN. We have entered into an agreement with HSN pursuant to which, among other things, we have the right to nominate 20% of the members of HSN's board of directors. Two of the current nine board members are our nominees.
Interval Leisure Group, Inc.
Interval Leisure Group is another of the companies spun off by IAC in August 2008. Interval Leisure Group is a leading global provider of membership and leisure services to the vacation industry. Its principal business, Interval, has offered its resort developer clients and consumer members high-quality programs and services for more than 30 years. Its approximately two million member families have access to a comprehensive package of year-round benefits, including the opportunity to exchange the use of their shared ownership vacation time for alternate accommodations. Interval has a network of more than 2,500 resorts in over 75 countries. Interval Leisure Group's other business segment is Aston (formerly ResortQuest Hawaii), which provides vacation rental and property management services for more than 5,000 units throughout the Hawaiian islands. Interval Leisure Group is headquartered in Miami, Florida, and operates through 26 offices in 16 countries.
We own approximately 29% of the outstanding common stock of Interval Leisure Group. We have entered into an agreement with Interval Leisure Group pursuant to which, among other things, we have the right to nominate 20% of the members of Interval Leisure Group's board of directors. Two of the current nine board members are our nominees.
Tree.com, Inc.
Tree.com is the owner of several brands and businesses that provide information, tools, advice, products and services for critical transactions in our customers' lives. Our family of brands includes: LendingTree.com, GetSmart.com, RealEstate.com, DegreeTree.comSM, HealthTree.comSM, LendingTreeAutos.com, DoneRight.com, and InsuranceTree.comSM. Together, these brands serve as an ally for consumers who are looking to comparison shop for loans, real estate and other financial products from multiple business and professionals who compete for their business. Tree.com is headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina.
We own approximately 25% of the outstanding common stock of Tree.com. We have entered into an agreement with Tree.com pursuant to which, among other things, we have the right to nominate 20% of the members of Tree.com's board of directors. We have not yet exercised this right.
Starz Group
The Starz Group focuses primarily on video programming businesses.
Starz, LLC
Starz, LLC ("Starz"), a wholly-owned subsidiary, provides premium networks which are distributed by cable operators, direct-to-home satellite providers, telephone companies and other distributors in the
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United States and develops, produces and acquires entertainment content and distributes such content to consumers in the United States and throughout the world. Starz is managed based on the following business units: Starz Channels (legacy Starz Entertainment business) and Home Video, Television, Digital Media and Theatrical (legacy Starz Media businesses).
Starz Channels' principal service offerings are (1) Starz, which is a first-run movie service that generally includes Starz plus five multiplex channels branded with the Starz name, each of which exhibits original programming series and mini-series and movies targeted to a specific audience and (2) Encore, which airs first-run movies and classic contemporary movies and generally includes six additional thematic multiplex channels branded with the Encore name, each of which exhibits movies based upon individual themes. Starz can be purchased by subscribers as an à-la-carte premium service for which subscribers pay a separate monthly charge. Distributors may also package Starz with other premium services. Encore can be purchased by subscribers as part of a digital package, which includes other movie services or a variety of general entertainment digital networks. Distributors may also sell Encore on an à-la-carte basis or packaged with Starz. Starz services also include MoviePlex, a "theme by day" channel featuring a different thematic multiplex channel each day, on a weekly rotation; IndiePlex, featuring art house and independent films; RetroPlex, featuring "classic" movies; Starz On Demand; Encore on Demand; MoviePlex On Demand; high definition feeds of several Starz and Encore channels and high definition versions of each of Starz On Demand, Encore On Demand and MoviePlex On Demand. Starz also offers Starz Online, Encore Online, MoviePlex Online and Starz Play which are Internet complements to Starz and Encore, to cable and telephone companies who offer high speed services and other distributors. As of December 31, 2010, Starz Entertainment had 18.2 million subscribers to its linear Starz channels and 32.8 million subscribers to its linear Encore channels. The Starz subscriber numbers do not include subscribers who receive Starz programming over the Internet.
Programming networks, such as Starz, distribute their services through a number of distribution technologies, including cable television, direct-to-home satellite, broadcast television, telephone networks and the Internet. Programming services may be delivered to subscribers as part of a video distributor's package of programming services for a fixed monthly fee, or may be delivered individually as a "premium" programming service for a separate monthly charge. Premium services may be scheduled or "on-demand." Additionally, single programs or movies may be delivered on a pay-per-view basis for a per program fee. Whether a programming service is basic, premium or pay-per-view, the programmer generally enters into separate multi-year affiliation agreements with those distributors that agree to carry the service. Programmers may also provide their pay-per-view and subscription on-demand services directly to consumers via the Internet. Basic programming services derive their revenue principally from the sale of advertising time on their networks and from per subscriber license fees received from distributors. Their continued ability to generate both advertising revenue and subscriber license fees is dependent on these services' ability to maintain and renew their affiliation agreements. Premium and pay-per-view services do not sell advertising and primarily generate their revenue from subscriber fees.
The majority of Starz Channels' revenue is derived from the delivery of premium programming services comprised of movies and original programming to subscribers under affiliation agreements with cable operators, direct broadcast satellite operators and telephone companies, including AT&T, Cablevision Systems, Cequel Communications, Charter Communications, Comcast Cable, Cox Communications, DIRECTV, DISH Network, The National Cable Television Cooperative, Mediacom Communications, Time Warner Cable and Verizon Communications. Certain of Starz Channels' affiliation agreements provide for payments based on the number of subscribers that receive Starz Channels' services. Starz Channels also has affiliation agreements with certain of its customers pursuant to which those customers pay an agreed-upon rate regardless of the number of subscribers. These affiliation agreements generally provide for contractual rate increases or rate increases tied to the
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annual increase in the Consumer Price Index. Starz Channels' affiliation agreements expire between now and May 2018. For the year ended December 31, 2010, 56% of Starz Channels' total revenue was generated by its three largest customers, Comcast, DIRECTV, and DISH Network, each of which individually generated at least 10% of Starz Entertainment's revenue for such period.
The cost of acquiring rights to programming, including Internet rights, represents Starz Channels' largest expense. In order to exhibit theatrical motion pictures, Starz Channels enter into agreements to acquire rights from major motion picture producers including Disney's Hollywood Pictures, Touchstone Pictures, Miramax Films, Disney Pictures, Pixar, Walt Disney Studios, Marvel Entertainment, Sony's Columbia Pictures, Screen Gems and Sony Pictures Classics. Starz Channels also has exclusive rights to air first-run output from Overture Films, a wholly owned subsidiary of Starz which is included in the Theatrical business unit. These output agreements expire between 2012 and 2016.
Starz Channels uplinks its programming to five non-preemptible, protected transponders on three domestic satellites. Starz Channels leases these transponders under long-term lease agreements. At December 31, 2010, these transponder leases had termination dates ranging from 2018 to 2021. Starz Channels transmits to these transponders from its uplink center in Englewood, Colorado.
The legacy Starz Media businesses develop, produce and acquire live-action and animated content for theatrical, DVD, television, and Internet distribution (including the Starz Channels' original programming). In addition, Starz's Animation business unit provides 2D and 3D animation development and production services, primarily on a for hire basis.
DVD's are sold or rented by Starz's Home Video business unit through its Anchor Bay Entertainment subsidiary, utilizing the Anchor Bay and Manga brands, in the United States, Canada, United Kingdom and Australia. Anchor Bay develops and produces certain of its content and also acquires and licenses various titles from third parties. Anchor Bay also distributes Overture Film's titles (as further discussed below) and other titles acquired or produced by Starz Media, including the Starz Channels' original programming content. These titles are distributed through regional and national retailers and other distributors, including Wal-Mart, Target, Best Buy and Amazon. Generally, these retailers have the right to return unsold products.
Anchor Bay records its revenue net of an allowance for estimated future returns. Anchor Bay pays its licensors, generally on a quarterly basis, (i) a royalty based on a percentage of net sales of the licensed title, (ii) a profit participation based on the net profits (if any) of the licensed title or (iii) retains a distribution fee and remits the net sales less contractually agreed to costs (e.g. manufacturing costs, pick, pack and ship costs, etc.) of the licensed title to the licensor. Anchor Bay markets and advertises each title prior to and during release generally through the use of a combination of television and other media related advertising and discounts, rebates and cooperative advertising with retailers depending on the specific genre or demographic appeal of the title.
Starz's Television business unit receives license fees from networks and basic/pay cable television channels, in the United States and throughout the world, related to exploitation of its titles (including the Starz Channels' original programming content) on free or pay television. The productions are also exploited via the Internet. Amortization of production costs represents the single largest operating expense related to the exploitation of its titles on free or pay television.
The Starz's Animation business unit, through its subsidiary Film Roman, develops and produces 2D animated content on a for-hire basis for distribution theatrically and on television for various third party entertainment companies. At its animation studio located in Toronto, Starz also develops and produces 3D animated content on a for-hire and proprietary basis.
For-hire revenue is recognized for each project based on the percentage of costs incurred-to-date relative to the estimated total costs of the project. Revenue recognized is proportional to the work performed-to-date under the contracts.
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In July 2010, Starz determined that it would shut down its theatrical production and distribution operations conducted by its subsidiary Overture Films. As part of this decision, Starz transferred Overture Films' marketing and distribution operations and employees to Relativity Media, LLC and Relativity agreed to release Overture Films' final three films during the fourth quarter of 2010. The Overture Films' film library was retained and will continue to be exploited by Starz.
Overture Films produced and acquired live action theatrical motion pictures for release domestically and throughout the world and prior to the Relativity arrangement, distributed its movies theatrically in the United States. Starz performs television distribution in the United States and, through its subsidiary Anchor Bay Entertainment, performs home video distribution also in the United States. Overture Films has entered into distribution agreements with Paramount Pictures and Alliance Atlantis to distribute its product internationally to the extent Overture Films controls such rights. Overture Films' 2010 theatrical releases were The Crazies, Brooklyn's Finest, Jack Goes Boating, Stone and Let Me In. All of Overture Films' films appear on Starz Channels' networks during their pay television windows.
Overture Films records revenue from the theatrical release of its films. The domestic box office receipts are divided between the theatrical exhibitors and Overture Films based upon contractual arrangements on a film-by-film basis. Paramount Vantage and Alliance Atlantis contract with foreign distributors and receive a distribution fee for their services. Overture Films records revenue related to home video distribution of its films net of a reserve for estimated future returns. The theatrical business receives license fees from Starz Channels related to the pay television agreement that covers the appearance of those films on Starz Channels' networks during their pay television windows. Fees are also earned from both domestic and foreign networks/basic cable channels related to the exploitation of the titles on free television. Other revenue sources include video on demand/pay-per-view, syndication and exploitation of the titles in a non-theatrical manner such as the Internet and airlines. Significant expenses related to Overture Films include the amortization of film acquisition and production costs and the print and advertising expenses related to the release of each film, as well as the home video manufacturing and related distribution and advertising expenses.
In the U.S., Overture Films incurred significant marketing, advertising and print costs before and during the theatrical release of a film in an effort to generate awareness of the film, to increase the consumer's intent to view the film, and to generate significant consumer interest in subsequent home video and other ancillary markets. These costs were expensed as incurred. Therefore, Starz incurred losses prior to theatrical release of a film. The foreign distributors are normally responsible for the marketing and advertising of films in each of their respective territories.
Liberty Sports Interactive, Inc.
Liberty Sports Interactive, Inc., a wholly-owned subsidiary, develops, operates and licenses fantasy sports games, fantasy sports league-hosting software and fantasy sports content delivered via broadband, as well as providing free online games, information and entertainment for sports fans.
Subsequent to December 31, 2010 it was determined that Liberty Sports Interactive, Inc. would wind down operations and cease offering its services.
Capital Group
The Capital Group includes all of our businesses and assets that are not attributed to either the Interactive Group or the Starz Group. We expect to grow the businesses attributed to the Capital Group by creating new opportunities for our existing businesses and by acquiring companies that leverage and complement those businesses. Over time, we expect to convert many of our non-strategic assets into operating assets or into cash that we would use to pursue such opportunities. We may also explore other financial transactions and investments with attractive risk and return characteristics.
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Atlanta National League Baseball Club, Inc.
Atlanta National League Baseball Club, Inc., or ANLBC, is a wholly-owned subsidiary that we acquired in May 2007. It owns and operates the Atlanta Braves Major League Baseball franchise. Turner Field, which is leased from the City of Atlanta and Fulton County Recreation Authority, is the home stadium of the Atlanta Braves. Turner Field is located just outside the downtown area of Atlanta and offers a range of activities and eateries for fans, from interactive gaming and cartoon characters to social gathering places such as the Braves Chop House.
ANLBC derives revenue from the sale of tickets for games played at Turner Field, as well as from game-day sales of concessions and other goods and services in and around Turner Field. ANLBC also derives substantial revenue from the sale of broadcasting rights to the Atlanta Braves baseball games. ANLBC has long-term local broadcasting agreements with Turner Broadcasting, Inc., Turner Regional Entertainment Network, Inc. and Sportsouth Network, Ltd., and through Major League Baseball ("MLB"), has entered into national broadcasting agreements with ESPN, Turner Broadcasting, Inc. and Fox Sports.
As the owner of a MLB franchise, ANLBC must abide by rules promulgated by the MLB Commissioner and comply with MLB's constitution and bylaws. Under the MLB rules, each MLB franchise participates in the MLB Central Fund, which acts as a conduit of centrally derived revenue (primarily from national broadcast agreements) to the clubs. In addition, each franchise is required to share locally derived revenue with the other MLB franchises and their owners through MLB's revenue sharing plan. Also under the MLB rules, each MLB franchise is required to participate in and contribute to certain profit sharing initiatives, such as MLB Advanced Media L.P., MLB's interactive media and internet company which runs MLB's official website and all of the MLB teams' websites.
In addition to the Atlanta Braves, ANLBC owns and operates a baseball academy in the Dominican Republic and certain minor league baseball clubs.
TruePosition, Inc.
TruePosition, Inc. is a wholly-owned subsidiary that develops and markets technology for locating wireless phones and other wireless devices enabling wireless carriers, application providers and other enterprises to provide E-911 services domestically and other location-based services to mobile users both domestically and worldwide. "E-911" or "Enhanced 911" refers to a Federal Communications Commission mandate requiring wireless carriers to implement wireless location capability. AT&T began deploying TruePosition's technology in late 2002, and T-Mobile USA began deploying such technology in 2003. Both wireless carriers are deploying TruePosition's technology and using the technology for E-911 and selected other services. In addition, as of December 31, 2010, nine smaller wireless carriers and government agencies had deployed or are deploying TruePosition's technology.
TruePosition earns revenue from the sale of hardware and licensing of software required to generate location records for wireless phones and other wireless devices on a cellular network and from the design, installation, testing and commissioning of such hardware and software. In addition, TruePosition earns software maintenance revenue through the provision of ongoing technical and software support. TruePosition has contractual rights to earn additional revenue from its deployed product base if its customers use such deployed equipment to provide commercial services. However, to date, TruePosition has not earned any significant revenue from other location-based services. Substantially all of TruePosition's reported revenue through November 2006 was derived from AT&T. At that time, TruePosition amended its contract with AT&T to include, among other things, delivery of specified elements in the future. In accordance with the software revenue recognition rules under generally accepted accounting principles, TruePosition ceased recognition of certain revenue from AT&T pending delivery of the specified elements. Recognition of revenue earned from T-Mobile is similarly deferred pending delivery of specified elements, which to date have not been delivered. In
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June of 2010, TruePosition delivered the final undelivered specified element under the contract with AT&T and recommenced recognition of previously deferred revenue and costs. In February of 2011 TruePosition signed an amended contract that materially changed the terms of the existing AT&T contract. Due to the transition provisions of the new revenue recognition rules a contract that is materially modified is subject to the new accounting standard (see discussion of Recent Accounting Pronouncements in Management's Discussion and Analysis section). Therefore, the Company is currently analyzing the impacts of the material modification and believes that recognition of a significant portion of the deferred revenue and deferred cost associated with that contract may be required in the first quarter of 2011, under the new provisions. As of December 31, 2010, deferred revenue and deferred cost under the AT&T arrangement were $576 million and $168 million, respectively.
TruePosition's location system is a passive network overlay system designed to enable mobile wireless service providers to determine the location of all network wireless devices, including cellular and PCS telephones. Using its patented uplink time difference of arrival (U-TDOA) and angle of arrival (AOA) technology, TruePosition's location system calculates the latitude and longitude of a designated wireless telephone or transmitter and forwards the information in real time to application software. TruePosition's offerings cover major wireless air interfaces including Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Global System Mobile (GSM) and Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS).
TruePosition is investing in the development of new location-based services and technologies through its subsidiary EmFinders. EmFinders has developed and markets devices to be worn by persons with medical impairments, such as Alzheimer's disease, Down syndrome or autism, which can enable public safety agencies to locate and recover individuals if they wander off or become lost.
Sirius XM Radio Inc.
SIRIUS XM Radio is a domestic satellite radio company. SIRIUS XM broadcasts to subscribers over approximately 130 digital-quality channels, including more than 60 channels of 100% commercial-free music, plus exclusive channels of sports, news, talk, entertainment, traffic, weather and data through its two proprietary satellite radio systemsthe Sirius system and the XM system. This unique listening experience is available to subscribers from coast-to-coast in the United States. The services can be used in cars, trucks, RVs, homes, offices, stores, and even outdoors. Boaters around the country, and up to 200 miles offshore, can also hear the SIRIUS XM programming. SIRIUS XM provides premium quality programming delivered by seven satellites orbiting directly over the United States (3 satellites provide service to the Sirius system and 4 satellites provide service to the XM system). In addition to the commercial-free music channels, SIRIUS XM's programming lineups also include 65 channels of sports, news, talk, entertainment, traffic, weather and data from such top names as Howard Stern, CNBC, CNN, Martha Stewart, Barbara Walters, Oprah Winfrey, BBC World Service, NPR and Radio Disney. Around-the-clock traffic and weather reports are provided for the top 20 US traffic markets.
Receivers are manufactured to meet the needs of all subscribers, and come in versions for cars, trucks, recreational vehicles, boats, aircraft, the home, offices, retail stores and for portable use. The receiver product line starts with portable and transportable Plug & Play radios and continues to high-end receivers complete with motorized touch-control display screens, as well as radios that are found in new cars and trucks.
Available in more than 20,000 retail locations, SIRIUS XM radios can be purchased at major national and regional retailers including Best Buy, Crutchfield, Costco, Target, Wal-Mart, Sam's Club and RadioShack. SIRIUS XM service is also available at heavy truck dealers and truck stops nationwide and SIRIUS XM has agreements with every major automaker.
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As of December 31, 2010, we owned $337 million principal amount of SIRIUS XM's public debt, as well as preferred stock of SIRIUS XM which is convertible into common stock representing approximately 40% of SIRIUS XM's fully diluted equity.
Live Nation Entertainment, Inc.
We owned approximately 18% of Live Nation Entertainment, Inc. ("Live Nation") outstanding common stock as of December 31, 2010. Subsequent to year end we acquired an additional 1% interest for $18.8 million and we have committed to acquire an additional 5.5 million shares for approximately $57.7 million subject to Live Nation shareholder approval and other customary closing conditions. Live Nation is considered the largest live entertainment company in the world and seeks to innovate and enhance the live entertainment experience for artists and fans: before, during and after the show. In 2009, Live Nation sold 140 million tickets, promoted 21,000 concerts, partnered with 850 sponsors and averaged 25 million unique monthly visitors to its e-commerce sites.
Live Nation is organized into five business segments: Concerts, Artist Nation, Ticketing, Sponsorship and E-Commerce. The Concerts segment involves the promotion of live music events globally in the Company's owned and/or operated venues and in rented third-party venues, the production of music festivals and the operation and management of music venues. The Artist Nation segment provides management services to artists and other services including merchandise, artist fan sites and VIP tickets. The Ticketing segment principally involves the management of the Company's ticketing operations. The Sponsorship segment manages the development of strategic sponsorship programs in addition to the sale of national and local sponsorships and placement of advertising including signage and promotional programs. The E-Commerce segment provides online access for customers relating to ticket sales and event information and is responsible for the Company's primary websites, www.livenation.com and www.ticketmaster.com.
Regulatory Matters
Programming and Interactive Television Services
In the United States, the FCC regulates broadcasters, the providers of satellite communications services and facilities for the transmission of programming services, the cable television systems and other multichannel video programming distributors ("MVPDs") that distribute such services, and, to some extent, the availability of the programming services themselves through its regulation of program licensing. Cable television systems in the United States are also regulated by municipalities or other state and local government authorities. Cable television systems are currently subject to federal rate regulation on the provision of basic service, except where subject to effective competition under FCC rules, which has become increasingly widespread. Continued rate regulation or other franchise conditions could place downward pressure on the fees cable television companies are willing or able to pay for programming services in which we have interests. Regulatory carriage requirements also could adversely affect the number of channels available to carry the programming services in which we have an interest.
Regulation of Program Licensing. The Cable Television Consumer Protection and Competition Act of 1992 (the 1992 Cable Act) directed the FCC to promulgate regulations regarding the sale and acquisition of cable programming between MVPDs (including cable operators) and satellite-delivered programming services in which a cable operator has an attributable interest. The legislation and the implementing regulations adopted by the FCC preclude virtually all exclusive programming contracts between cable operators and satellite programmers affiliated with any cable operator (unless the FCC first determines that the contract serves the public interest) and generally prohibit a cable operator that has an attributable interest in a satellite programmer from improperly influencing the terms and conditions of sale to unaffiliated MVPDs. Further, the 1992 Cable Act requires that such affiliated
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programmers make their programming services available to cable operators and competing MVPDs such as multi-channel multi-point distribution systems, which we refer to as MMDS, and direct broadcast satellite ("DBS") distributors on terms and conditions that do not unfairly discriminate among distributors. The Telecommunications Act of 1996 extended these rules to programming services in which telephone companies and other common carriers have attributable ownership interests. The FCC revised its program licensing rules by implementing a damages remedy in situations where the defendant knowingly violates the regulations and by establishing a timeline for the resolution of complaints, among other things. In 2007, the FCC extended the prohibition on exclusive programming contracts until 2012 and amended the program access complaint rules. The FCC also has initiated a rulemaking proceeding to consider additional revisions to its program access rules, including, among others, further changes in the complaint procedures, restrictions on the bundling of programming services to distributors and the extension of the rules to terrestrially-delivered programming. In 2010, the FCC revised the program access rules to permit complainants to pursue program access claims involving terrestrially-delivered, cable-affiliated programming similar to the claims that they may pursue regarding satellite-delivered, cable-affiliated programming, where the purpose or the effect of a challenged act is to hinder significantly or prevent a complainant from providing satellite cable programming or satellite broadcast programming. Although we no longer own Liberty Cablevision of Puerto Rico Ltd. ("LCPR"), FCC rules continue to attribute an ownership interest in LCPR to us, thereby subjecting us and satellite-delivered programming services in which we have an interest to the program access rules. As explained below in "Other Regulation," we are also subject to the program access rules as a condition of FCC approval of our transaction with News Corporation in 2008.
Regulation of Carriage of Programming. Under the 1992 Cable Act, the FCC has adopted regulations prohibiting cable operators from requiring a financial interest in a programming service as a condition to carriage of such service, coercing exclusive rights in a programming service or favoring affiliated programmers so as to restrain unreasonably the ability of unaffiliated programmers to compete.
Regulation of Ownership. The 1992 Cable Act required the FCC, among other things, (1) to prescribe rules and regulations establishing reasonable limits on the number of channels on a cable system that will be allowed to carry programming in which the owner of such cable system has an attributable interest and (2) to consider the necessity and appropriateness of imposing limitations on the degree to which MVPDs (including cable operators) may engage in the creation or production of video programming. In 1993, the FCC adopted regulations limiting carriage by a cable operator of national programming services in which that operator holds an attributable interest. However, in 2001, the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit found that the FCC had failed to justify adequately the channel occupancy limit, vacated the FCC's decision and remanded the rule to the FCC for further consideration. In response to the Court's decision, the FCC issued further notices of proposed rulemaking in 2001 and in 2005 to consider channel occupancy limitations. Even if these rules were readopted by the FCC, they would have little impact on programming companies in which we have interests based upon our current attributable ownership interests in cable systems. In its 2001 decision, the Court of Appeals also vacated the FCC's rule imposing a thirty percent limit on the number of subscribers served by systems nationwide in which a multiple system operator can have an attributable ownership interest. After conducting a further rulemaking regarding this ownership limitation, in 2007, the FCC again adopted a thirty percent limit on the number of subscribers served by a cable operator nationwide. However, in 2009, the Court of Appeals again vacated the thirty percent limit.
Regulation of Carriage of Broadcast Stations. The 1992 Cable Act granted broadcasters a choice of must carry rights or retransmission consent rights. The rules adopted by the FCC generally provided for mandatory carriage by cable systems of all local full-power commercial television broadcast signals selecting must carry rights and, depending on a cable system's channel capacity, non-commercial
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television broadcast signals. Such statutorily mandated carriage of broadcast stations coupled with the provisions of the Cable Communications Policy Act of 1984, which require cable television systems with 36 or more "activated" channels to reserve a percentage of such channels for commercial use by unaffiliated third parties and permit franchise authorities to require the cable operator to provide channel capacity, equipment and facilities for public, educational and government access channels, could adversely affect some or substantially all of the programming services in which we have interests by limiting the carriage of such services in cable systems with limited channel capacity. In 2007, the FCC adopted an order addressing cable operators' obligations to ensure that local broadcasters' primary video and program-related material are viewable by all subscribers following completion of the digital transition. The FCC's order allows cable operators to comply with the viewability requirements by carrying a broadcaster's digital signal in either analog format or digital format, provided that all subscribers have the necessary equipment to view the broadcast content. The viewability requirements extend to June 2012, and during 2011, the FCC will review the requirements based upon the state of technology and the marketplace.
Closed Captioning and Video Description Regulation. The Telecommunications Act of 1996 also required the FCC to establish rules and an implementation schedule to ensure that video programming is fully accessible to the hearing impaired through closed captioning. The rules adopted by the FCC require substantial closed captioning, with only limited exemptions. As a result, the programming companies in which we have interests may incur additional costs for closed captioning.
A-La-Carte Proceeding. In 2004, the FCC's Media Bureau conducted a notice of inquiry proceeding regarding the feasibility of selling video programming services "à-la-carte," i.e. on an individual or small tier basis. The Media Bureau released a report in 2004, which concluded that à-la-carte sales of video programming services would not result in lower video programming costs for most consumers and that they would adversely affect video programming networks. In 2006, the Media Bureau released a new report which stated that the 2004 report was flawed and which concluded that à-la-carte sales could be in the best interests of consumers. Although the FCC's authority to mandate à-la-carte sales has been questioned, its endorsement of the concept could encourage Congress to consider proposals to mandate à-la-carte sales or otherwise seek to impose greater regulatory controls on how programming is sold by MVPDs. The programming companies whose services are distributed in tiers or packages of programming services would experience decreased distribution if à-la-carte carriage were mandated.
Broadcast Regulation. The Communications Act permits the operation of television broadcast stations pursuant to a license issued by the FCC upon a finding that the grant of the license would serve the public interest, convenience and necessity. The FCC grants television broadcast station licenses for a maximum permitted term of eight years and, upon application, may renew the license for additional terms. Generally, the FCC renews broadcast licenses upon finding that: (1) the television station has served the public interest, convenience and necessity; (2) there have been no serious violations by the licensee of the Communications Act or FCC rules; and (3) there have been no other violations by the licensee of the Communications Act or FCC rules which, taken together, indicate a pattern of abuse. After considering these factors, the FCC may grant the license renewal application with or without conditions, including renewal for a lesser term than the maximum otherwise permitted, or hold an evidentiary hearing.
In 2007, the FCC released a new table of allotments which provides television stations in the United States with final digital television ("DTV") channel assignments following completion of the DTV transition on June 12, 2009.
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The FCC regulates many aspects of broadcast station operations. For example, legislation enacted in 1990 limits the amount of commercial matter that may be broadcast during programming designed for children age 12 and younger. In addition, under FCC license renewal processing guidelines, television stations are generally required, among other things, to broadcast a minimum of three hours per week of programming, which must serve, as a "significant purpose," the educational and informational needs of children age 16 and younger. The FCC continues to enforce its regulations regarding political advertising, environmental matters, equal employment opportunity, indecency, technical operating matters and antenna tower maintenance. FCC rules require the closed captioning of almost all broadcast programming. FCC regulations also govern network affiliation agreements. Violation of FCC regulations can result in substantial monetary forfeitures, periodic reporting conditions, short-term license renewals and, in egregious cases, denial of license renewal or license revocation.
With the completion of the digital transition in 2009, full service broadcast television stations must transmit only digital signals and may not transmit analog signals. On November 30, 2010, the FCC initiated a rulemaking proceeding to consider rules to allow the repurposing of specific frequency bands used by the broadcast television service for fixed and mobile wireless communications services, including mobile broadband. The FCC also proposes to permit two or more television stations to share a six megahertz channel, among other things. The adoption of these or similar proposals by the FCC could have a significant impact on broadcast television licensees.
Copyright Regulation. The programming companies in which we have interests must obtain any necessary music performance rights from the rights holders. These rights generally are controlled by the music performance rights organizations of the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP), Broadcast Music, Inc. (BMI) and the Society of European Stage Authors and Composers (SESAC), each with rights to the music of various artists.
Satellites and Uplink. In general, authorization from the FCC must be obtained for the construction and operation of a communications satellite. The FCC authorizes utilization of satellite orbital slots assigned to the United States by the World Administrative Radio Conference. Such slots are finite in number, thus limiting the number of carriers that can provide satellite transponders and the number of transponders available for transmission of programming services. At present, however, there are numerous competing satellite service providers that make transponders available for video services to MVPDs. The FCC also regulates the earth stations uplinking to and/or downlinking from such satellites.
Internet Services
The Internet businesses in which we have interests are subject, both directly and indirectly, to various laws and governmental regulations. Certain of our subsidiaries engaged in the provision of goods and services over the Internet must comply with federal and state laws and regulations applicable to online communications and commerce. For example, the Children's Online Privacy Protection Act prohibits web sites from collecting personally identifiable information online from children under age 13 without parental consent and imposes a number of operational requirements. Certain email activities are subject to the Controlling the Assault of Non-Solicited Pornography and Marketing Act of 2003, commonly known as the CAN-SPAM Act. The CAN-SPAM Act regulates the sending of unsolicited commercial email by requiring the email sender, among other things, to comply with specific disclosure requirements and to provide an "opt-out" mechanism for recipients. Both of these laws include statutory penalties for non-compliance. Various states also have adopted laws regulating certain aspects of Internet communications. In 2007, Congress enacted legislation extending the moratorium on state and local taxes on Internet access and commerce until 2014.
Goods sold over the Internet also must comply with traditional regulatory requirements, such as the Federal Trade Commission requirements regarding truthful and accurate claims. To the extent that
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Bodybuilding.com, for example, markets or sells nutritional or dietary supplements, its activities may be regulated by the United States Food and Drug Administration ("FDA") in certain respects. Dietary supplement distributors must comply with FDA regulations regarding supplement labeling and reporting.
Congress and individual states may consider additional online privacy legislation. Other Internet-related laws and regulations enacted in the future may cover issues such as defamatory speech, copyright infringement, pricing and characteristics and quality of products and services. The future adoption of such laws or regulations may slow the growth of commercial online services and the Internet, which could in turn cause a decline in the demand for the services and products of the Internet companies in which we have interests and increase such companies' costs of doing business or otherwise have an adverse effect on their businesses, operating results and financial conditions. Moreover, the applicability to commercial online services and the Internet of existing laws governing issues such as property ownership, libel, personal privacy and taxation is uncertain and could expose these companies to substantial liability.
On December 21, 2010, the FCC adopted rules in its open Internet proceeding that require all broadband providers to disclose network management practices, restrict broadband providers from blocking Internet content and applications, and prohibit fixed broadband providers from engaging in unreasonable discrimination in transmitting lawful network traffic. The open Internet rules could restrict the ability of broadband providers to block or otherwise disadvantage our Internet businesses. An appeal of the FCC's open Internet rules has been noticed at the United States Court of Appeals.
Other Regulation
On June 16, 2010 Dr. John C. Malone and DIRECTV completed a transaction that eliminated Dr. Malone's and our attributable interests in DIRECTV. However, except for the condition requiring the elimination of the attributable interests between DIRECTV Puerto Rico and LCPR we remain subject to the other conditions adopted by the FCC in approving our 2008 transaction with News Corporation. Those conditions include program access and non-discrimination, program carriage, RSN arbitration and retransmission consent arbitration conditions.
SIRIUS XM operates satellite systems and must comply with the FCC's regulations regarding satellite licensing, the prevention of interference and other matters. For example, SIRIUS XM must apply for renewal of its satellite licenses prior to the expiration of the current license terms. SIRIUS XM also must obtain FCC equipment certifications for certain satellite radios. As a result of the 2008 merger transaction between Sirius Satellite Radio Inc. and XM Satellite Radio Holdings, Inc., SIRIUS XM must implement voluntary commitments regarding matters such as a la carte programming, rates and channels set asides for independently-owned entities. Other aspects of SIRIUS XM's operations, such as the export of satellite radio system components and technical data, are subject to U.S. export licensing requirements.
We also have ownership interests in other entities, such as Sprint Nextel Corporation, which are extensively regulated. For example, Sprint Nextel is subject not only to federal regulation but also to regulation in varying degrees, depending on the jurisdiction, by state and local regulatory authorities.
Proposed Changes in Regulation
The regulation of programming services, cable television systems, DBS providers, broadcast television licensees and Internet services is subject to the political process and has been in constant flux over the past decade. Further material changes in the law and regulatory requirements must be anticipated and there can be no assurance that our business will not be adversely affected by future legislation, new regulation or deregulation.
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Competition
Our businesses that engage in video and on-line commerce compete with traditional offline and online retailers ranging from large department stores to specialty shops, other electronic retailers, direct marketing retailers, such as mail order and catalog companies, and discount retailers. In addition, QVC and HSN compete for access to customers and audience share with other conventional forms of entertainment and content. Provide Commerce competes with online floral providers such as 1-800-FLOWERS and floral wire services such as FTD and Teleflora. We believe that the principal competitive factors in the markets in which our electronic commerce businesses compete are high-quality products, freshness, brand recognition, selection, value, convenience, price, website performance, customer service and accuracy of order shipment.
Starz competes with other programmers for distribution on a limited number of channels. Increasing concentration in the multichannel video distribution industry could adversely affect Starz by reducing the number of distributors to whom it sells its programming, subjecting more of its programming sales to volume discounts and increasing the distributors' bargaining power in negotiating new affiliation agreements. Once distribution is obtained, Starz competes for viewers with other cable and off-air broadcast television programming services as well as with other entertainment media, including home video, pay-per-view services, online activities, movies and other forms of news, information and entertainment. Starz also competes for creative talent and programming content. We believe that the principal competitive factors for Starz are prices charged for programming, the quantity, quality, exclusivity and variety of the programming offered and the effectiveness of marketing efforts.
Starz also faces competition from companies within the entertainment business and from alternative forms of leisure entertainment. Anchor Bay competes with the home video/DVD distribution divisions of major theatrical production studios, as well as with several other independent home video/DVD distribution companies.
Our businesses that offer services through the Internet compete with businesses that offer their own services directly through the Internet as well as with online and offline providers of similar services including providers of ticketing services, lending services, travel agencies, operators of destination search sites and search-centric portals, search technology providers, online advertising networks, site aggregation companies, media, telecommunications and cable companies, Internet service providers and niche competitors that focus on a specific category or geography. Expedia also competes with hoteliers and airlines as well as travel planning service providers, including aggregator sites that offer inventory from multiple suppliers, such as airline sites, Orbitz, Travelocity and Priceline, and with American Express and Navigant International, providers of corporate travel services. We believe that the principal competitive factors in the markets in which our businesses that offer services through the Internet engage are selection, price, availability of inventory, convenience, brand recognition, accessibility, customer service, reliability, website performance, and ease of use.
SIRIUS XM faces significant competition for both listeners and advertisers from traditional AM/FM radio, HD radio, internet radio and mobile media devices. Unlike satellite radio, traditional AM/FM radio has had a well established demand for its services and generally offers free broadcasts paid for by commercial advertising rather than by a subscription fee. Many radio stations have begun broadcasting digital signals, which have sound quality similar to SIRIUS XM signals. Major media companies make near CD-quality digital streams available through the Internet for free or, in some cases, for a fraction of the cost of a satellite radio subscription. We believe that the principal competitive factors for SIRIUS XM are the quantity, quality, exclusivity and variety of the programming offered and the effectiveness of marketing efforts.
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Employees
As of December 31, 2010, we had 73 corporate employees, and our consolidated subsidiaries had an aggregate of approximately 24,000 full and part-time employees. We believe that our employee relations are good.
(d) Financial Information About Geographic Areas
For financial information related to the geographic areas in which we do business, see note 20 to our consolidated financial statements found in Part II of this report.
(e) Available Information
All of our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"), including our Form 10-Ks, Form 10-Qs and Form 8-Ks, as well as amendments to such filings are available on our Internet website free of charge generally within 24 hours after we file such material with the SEC. Our website address is www.libertymedia.com.
Our corporate governance guidelines, code of business conduct and ethics, compensation committee charter, nominating and corporate governance committee charter, and audit committee charter are available on our website. In addition, we will provide a copy of any of these documents, free of charge, to any shareholder who calls or submits a request in writing to Investor Relations, Liberty Media Corporation, 12300 Liberty Boulevard, Englewood, Colorado 80112, Tel. No. (877) 772-1518.
The information contained on our website is not incorporated by reference herein.
The risks described below and elsewhere in this annual report are not the only ones that relate to our businesses or our capitalization. The risks described below are considered to be the most material. However, there may be other unknown or unpredictable economic, business, competitive, regulatory or other factors that also could have material adverse effects on our businesses. Past financial performance may not be a reliable indicator of future performance and historical trends should not be used to anticipate results or trends in future periods. If any of the events described below were to occur, our businesses, prospects, financial condition, results of operations and/or cash flows could be materially adversely affected.
Risks Relating to the Ownership of Our Common Stock due to our Tracking Stock Capitalization
The risks described below apply to the ownership of our Liberty Interactive common stock, our Liberty Starz common stock and our Liberty Capital common stock due to our tracking stock capitalization.
Holders of Liberty Interactive common stock, Liberty Starz common stock and Liberty Capital common stock are common stockholders of our company and are, therefore, subject to risks associated with an investment in our company as a whole, even if a holder does not own shares of common stock of all three of our groups. Even though we have attributed, for financial reporting purposes, all of our consolidated assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses and cash flows to each of the Interactive Group, the Starz Group and the Capital Group in order to prepare the separate financial statement schedules for each of those groups, we retain legal title to all of our assets; and our capitalization does not limit our legal responsibility, or that of our subsidiaries, for the liabilities included in any set of financial statement schedules. Holders of Liberty Interactive common stock, Liberty Starz common stock and Liberty Capital common stock do not have any legal rights related to specific assets attributed to the Interactive Group, the Capital Group or the Starz Group and, in any liquidation, holders of Liberty Interactive common stock, holders of Liberty Capital common stock and holders of Liberty Starz
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common stock are entitled to receive a pro rata share of our available net assets based on their respective numbers of liquidation units.
We could be required to use assets attributed to one group to pay liabilities attributed to another group or groups. The assets attributed to one group are potentially subject to the liabilities attributed to the other groups, even if those liabilities arise from lawsuits, contracts or indebtedness that are attributed to such other group(s). While our current management and allocation policies provide that reattributions of assets between groups will result in the creation of an inter-group loan or an inter-group interest or an offsetting reattribution of cash or other assets, no provision of our amended charter prevents us from satisfying liabilities of one group with assets of another group, and our creditors will not in any way be limited by our tracking stock capitalization from proceeding against any assets they could have proceeded against if we did not have a tracking stock capitalization.
The market price of Liberty Interactive common stock, Liberty Starz common stock and Liberty Capital common stock may not reflect the performance of the Interactive Group, the Starz Group and the Capital Group, respectively, as we intend. We cannot assure you that the market price of the common stock of a group will, in fact, reflect the performance of the group of businesses, assets and liabilities attributed to that group. Holders of Liberty Interactive common stock, Liberty Starz common stock and Liberty Capital common stock are common stockholders of our company as a whole and, as such, are subject to all risks associated with an investment in our company and all of our businesses, assets and liabilities. As a result, the market price of each series of stock of a group may simply reflect the performance of our company as a whole or may more independently reflect the performance of some or all of the group of assets attributed to such group. In addition, investors may discount the value of the stock of a group because it is part of a common enterprise rather than a stand-alone entity.
The market price of Liberty Interactive common stock, Liberty Starz common stock and Liberty Capital common stock may be volatile, could fluctuate substantially and could be affected by factors that do not affect traditional common stock. The market prices of Liberty Interactive common stock, Liberty Starz common stock and Liberty Capital common stock may be materially affected by, among other things:
The market value of Liberty Interactive common stock, Liberty Starz common stock and Liberty Capital common stock could be adversely affected by events involving the assets and businesses attributed to any of the groups. Because we are the issuer of Liberty Interactive common stock, Liberty Starz common stock and Liberty Capital common stock, an adverse market reaction to events relating to the assets and businesses attributed to one of our groups, such as earnings announcements or announcements of new products or services, acquisitions or dispositions that the market does not view favorably, may cause an adverse reaction to the common stock of our other groups. This could occur even if the triggering event is not material to us as a whole. In addition, the incurrence of significant indebtedness by us or
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any of our subsidiaries on behalf of one group, including indebtedness incurred or assumed in connection with acquisitions of or investments in businesses, could affect our credit rating and that of our subsidiaries and, therefore, could increase the borrowing costs of businesses attributable to our other groups or the borrowing costs of our company as a whole.
We may not pay dividends equally or at all on Liberty Interactive common stock, Liberty Capital common stock or Liberty Starz common stock. We do not presently intend to pay cash dividends on Liberty Interactive common stock, Liberty Capital common stock or Liberty Starz common stock for the foreseeable future. However, we will have the right to pay dividends on the shares of common stock of each group in equal or unequal amounts, and we may pay dividends on the shares of common stock of one group and not pay dividends on shares of common stock of one or both of the other groups. In addition, any dividends or distributions on, or repurchases of, shares relating to any group will reduce our assets legally available to be paid as dividends on the shares relating to the other groups.
Our tracking stock capital structure could create conflicts of interest, and our board of directors may make decisions that could adversely affect only some holders of our common stock. Our tracking stock capital structure could give rise to occasions when the interests of holders of stock of one group might diverge or appear to diverge from the interests of holders of stock of one or both of the other groups. In addition, given the nature of their businesses, there may be inherent conflicts of interests between the Interactive Group, the Starz Group and the Capital Group. Our officers and directors owe fiduciary duties to all of our stockholders. The fiduciary duties owed by such officers and directors are to our company as a whole, and decisions deemed to be in the best interest of our company may not be in the best interest of a particular group when considered independently. Examples include:
In addition, if directors own disproportionate interests (in percentage or value terms) in Liberty Interactive common stock, Liberty Capital common stock or Liberty Starz common stock, that disparity could create or appear to create conflicts of interest when they are faced with decisions that could have different implications for the holders of Liberty Interactive common stock, Liberty Capital common stock or Liberty Starz common stock.
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Other than pursuant to our stated management and allocation policies, we have not adopted any specific procedures for consideration of matters involving a divergence of interests among holders of shares of stock relating to our different groups, or among holders of different series of stock relating to a specific group. Rather than develop additional specific procedures in advance, our board of directors intends to exercise its judgment from time to time, depending on the circumstances, as to how best to:
Our board of directors believes the advantage of retaining flexibility in determining how to fulfill its responsibilities in any such circumstances as they may arise outweighs any perceived advantages of adopting additional specific procedures in advance.
Our board of directors may change the management and allocation policies to the detriment of any group without stockholder approval. Our board of directors has adopted certain management and allocation policies to serve as guidelines in making decisions regarding the relationships between and among the Interactive Group, the Starz Group and the Capital Group with respect to matters such as tax liabilities and benefits, inter-group loans, inter-group interests, attribution of assets acquired after the restructuring of a group, financing alternatives, corporate opportunities and similar items. These policies are not included in the amended charter. Our board of directors may at any time change or make exceptions to these policies. Because these policies relate to matters concerning the day to day management of our company as opposed to significant corporate actions, such as a merger involving our company or a sale of substantially all of our assets, no stockholder approval is required with respect to their adoption or amendment. A decision to change, or make exceptions to, these policies or adopt additional policies could disadvantage one or more groups while advantaging the other(s).
Holders of shares of stock relating to a particular group may not have any remedies if any action by our directors or officers has an adverse effect on only that stock, or on a particular series of that stock. Principles of Delaware law and the provisions of our amended charter may protect decisions of our board of directors that have a disparate impact upon holders of shares of stock relating to a particular group, or upon holders of any series of stock relating to a particular group. Under Delaware law, the board of directors has a duty to act with due care and in the best interests of all of our stockholders, regardless of the stock, or series, they hold. Principles of Delaware law established in cases involving differing treatment of multiple classes or series of stock provide that a board of directors owes an equal duty to all common stockholders and does not have separate or additional duties to any subset of stockholders. Judicial opinions in Delaware involving tracking stocks have established that decisions by directors or officers involving differing treatment of holders of tracking stocks may be judged under the business judgment rule. In some circumstances, our directors or officers may be required to make a decision that is viewed as adverse to the holders of shares relating to a particular group or to the holders of a particular series of that stock. Under the principles of Delaware law and the business judgment rule referred to above, you may not be able to successfully challenge decisions that you believe have a disparate impact upon the stockholders of one of our groups if our board of directors is disinterested and independent with respect to the action taken, is adequately informed with respect to the action taken and acts in good faith and in the honest belief that the board is acting in the best interest of all of our stockholders.
Stockholders will not vote on how to attribute consideration received in connection with a merger involving our company among holders of Liberty Interactive common stock, Liberty Starz common stock and
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Liberty Capital common stock. Our amended charter does not contain any provisions governing how consideration received in connection with a merger or consolidation involving our company is to be attributed to the holders of Liberty Interactive common stock, holders of Liberty Capital common stock and holders of Liberty Starz common stock or to the holders of different series of stock, and none of the holders of Liberty Interactive common stock, Liberty Capital common stock or Liberty Starz common stock will have a separate class vote in the event of such a merger or consolidation. Consistent with applicable principles of Delaware law, our board of directors will seek to divide the type and amount of consideration received in a merger or consolidation involving our company among holders of Liberty Interactive common stock, Liberty Starz common stock and Liberty Capital common stock in a fair manner. As the different ways the board of directors may divide the consideration between holders of stock relating to the different groups, and among holders of different series of a particular stock, might have materially different results, the consideration to be received by holders of Liberty Interactive common stock, Liberty Starz common stock and Liberty Capital common stock in any such merger or consolidation may be materially less valuable than the consideration they would have received if they had a separate class vote on such merger or consolidation.
We may dispose of assets of the Interactive Group, the Capital Group or the Starz Group without your approval. Delaware law requires stockholder approval only for a sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of our company taken as a whole, and our amended charter does not require a separate class vote in the case of a sale of a significant amount of assets of any of our groups. As long as the assets attributed to the Interactive Group, the Capital Group or the Starz Group proposed to be disposed of represent less than substantially all of our assets, we may approve sales and other dispositions of any amount of the assets of such group without any stockholder approval. Based on the composition of the groups, we believe that a sale of all or substantially all of the assets attributed to any group, on a stand alone basis, would not be considered a sale of substantially all of the assets of our company requiring stockholder approval.
If we dispose of all or substantially all of the assets attributed to any group (which means, for this purpose, assets representing 80% of the fair market value of the total assets of the disposing group, as determined by our board of directors), we would be required, if the disposition is not an exempt disposition under the terms of our amended charter, to choose one or more of the following three alternatives:
In this type of a transaction, holders of the disposing group's common stock may receive less value than the value that a third-party buyer might pay for all or substantially all of the assets of the disposing group.
Our board of directors will decide, in its sole discretion, how to proceed and is not required to select the option that would result in the highest value to holders of any group of our common stock.
Holders of Liberty Interactive common stock, Liberty Capital common stock or Liberty Starz common stock may receive less consideration upon a sale of the assets attributed to that group than if that group were a separate company. If the Interactive Group, the Capital Group or the Starz Group were a separate, independent company and its shares were acquired by another person, certain costs of that sale, including corporate level taxes, might not be payable in connection with that acquisition. As a result, stockholders of a separate, independent company with the same assets might receive a greater amount of proceeds than the holders of Liberty Interactive common stock, Liberty Capital common stock or
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Liberty Starz common stock would receive upon a sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the group to which their shares relate. In addition, we cannot assure you that in the event of such a sale the per share consideration to be paid to holders of Liberty Interactive common stock, Liberty Capital common stock or Liberty Starz common stock, as the case may be, will be equal to or more than the per share value of that share of stock prior to or after the announcement of a sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the applicable group. Further, there is no requirement that the consideration paid be tax-free to the holders of the shares of common stock of that group. Accordingly, if we sell all or substantially all of the assets attributed to the Interactive Group, the Capital Group or the Starz Group, our stockholders could suffer a loss in the value of their investment in our company.
Our board of directors may in its sole discretion elect to convert the common stock relating to one group into common stock relating to one of our other groups, thereby changing the nature of your investment and possibly diluting your economic interest in our company, which could result in a loss in value to you. Our amended charter permits our board of directors, in its sole discretion, to convert all of the outstanding shares of common stock relating to any of our groups into shares of common stock of any of our other groups. A conversion would preclude the holders of stock in both groups involved in such conversion from retaining their investment in a security that is intended to reflect separately the performance of the relevant group. We cannot predict the impact on the market value of our stock of (1) our board of directors' ability to effect any such conversion or (2) the exercise of this conversion right by our company. In addition, our board of directors may effect such a conversion at a time when the market value of our stock could cause the stockholders of one group to be disadvantaged.
Holders of Liberty Interactive common stock, Liberty Starz common stock and Liberty Capital common stock vote together and have limited separate voting rights. Holders of Liberty Interactive common stock, Liberty Starz common stock and Liberty Capital common stock vote together as a single class, except in certain limited circumstances prescribed by our amended charter and under Delaware law. Each share of Series B common stock of each group has ten votes per share, and each share of Series A common stock of each group has one vote per share. Holders of Series C common stock of any group have no voting rights, other than those required under Delaware law. When holders of Liberty Interactive common stock, Liberty Starz common stock and Liberty Capital common stock vote together as a single class, holders having a majority of the votes will be in a position to control the outcome of the vote even if the matter involves a conflict of interest among our stockholders or has a greater impact on one group than the other.
Our capital structure as well as the fact that the Interactive Group, the Capital Group and the Starz Group are not independent companies may inhibit or prevent acquisition bids for the Interactive Group, the Capital Group or the Starz Group. If the Interactive Group, the Starz Group and the Capital Group were separate independent companies, any person interested in acquiring the Interactive Group, the Capital Group or the Starz Group without negotiating with management could seek control of that group by obtaining control of its outstanding voting stock, by means of a tender offer, or by means of a proxy contest. Although we intend Liberty Interactive common stock, Liberty Starz common stock and Liberty Capital common stock to reflect the separate economic performance of the Interactive Group, the Starz Group and the Capital Group, respectively, those groups are not separate entities and a person interested in acquiring only one group without negotiation with our management could obtain control of that group only by obtaining control of a majority in voting power of all of the outstanding shares of common stock of our company. The existence of shares of common stock, and different series of shares, relating to different groups could present complexities and in certain circumstances pose obstacles, financial and otherwise, to an acquiring person that are not present in companies which do not have capital structures similar to ours.
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It may be difficult for a third party to acquire us, even if doing so may be beneficial to our stockholders. Certain provisions of our amended charter and bylaws may discourage, delay or prevent a change in control of our company that a stockholder may consider favorable. These provisions include:
Our chairman, John C. Malone, beneficially owns shares representing the power to direct approximately 34% of the aggregate voting power in our company, due to his beneficial ownership of approximately 83% of the outstanding shares of Series B Liberty Capital common stock, 94% of the outstanding shares of Series B Liberty Interactive common stock and approximately 83% of the Series B Liberty Starz common stock.
Factors Relating to our Company, the Interactive Group, the Starz Group and the Capital Group
The risks described below apply to our company and to the businesses and assets attributable to the Interactive Group, the Starz Group and the Capital Group.
The historical financial information of the Interactive Group, the Starz Group and the Capital Group may not necessarily reflect their results had they been separate companies. One of the reasons for the creation of a tracking stock is to permit equity investors to apply more specific criteria in valuing the shares of a particular group, such as comparisons of earnings multiples with those of other companies in the same business sector. In valuing shares of Liberty Interactive common stock, Liberty Starz common stock and Liberty Capital common stock, investors should recognize that the historical financial information of the Interactive Group, the Starz Group and the Capital Group has been extracted from our consolidated financial statements and may not necessarily reflect what the Interactive Group's, the Capital Group's and the Starz Group's results of operations, financial condition and cash flows would have been had the Interactive Group, the Starz Group and the Capital Group been separate, stand-alone entities pursuing independent strategies during the periods presented.
Our programming and e-commerce subsidiaries as well as some of our business affiliates depend on their relationships with third party distribution channels, suppliers and advertisers and any adverse changes in
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these relationships could adversely affect our results of operations and those attributed to any of our groups. An important component of the success of our programming and e-commerce subsidiaries as well as some of our business affiliates is their ability to maintain their existing, as well as build new, relationships with a limited number of local and national cable and satellite providers, suppliers and advertisers, among other parties. There can be no assurance that our programming suppliers will be able to obtain or maintain carriage of their programming services by distributors on commercially reasonable terms or at all. Similarly, there can be no assurance that our subsidiaries and business affiliates will be able to maintain their existing supplier or advertising arrangements on commercially reasonable terms or at all. Adverse changes in existing relationships or the inability to enter into new arrangements with these parties on favorable terms, if at all, could have a significant adverse effect on our results of operations and those attributed to our groups.
Rapid technological advances could render the products and services offered by our groups' subsidiaries and business affiliates obsolete or non-competitive. The subsidiaries and business affiliates attributed to each group must stay abreast of rapidly evolving technological developments and offerings to remain competitive and increase the utility of their services. These subsidiaries and business affiliates must be able to incorporate new technologies into their products in order to address the needs of their customers. There can be no assurance that they will be able to compete with advancing technology, and any failure to do so could result in customers seeking alternative service providers and may adversely affect the group to which they are attributed, thereby adversely impacting our revenue and operating income.
The subsidiaries and business affiliates attributable to each group are subject to risks of adverse government regulation. Programming services, cable television systems, the Internet, telephony services and satellite service providers are subject to varying degrees of regulation in the United States by the Federal Communications Commission and other entities and in foreign countries by similar regulators. Such regulation and legislation are subject to the political process and have been in constant flux over the past decade. The application of various sales and use tax provisions under state, local and foreign law to the products and services of our Interactive Group subsidiaries and certain of our business affiliates sold via the Internet, television and telephone is subject to interpretation by the applicable taxing authorities, and no assurance can be given that such authorities will not take a contrary position to that taken by the subsidiaries of our Interactive Group and certain of our business affiliates, which could have a material adverse effect on their businesses. In addition, there have been numerous attempts at the federal, state and local levels to impose additional taxes on online commerce transactions. Moreover, substantially every foreign country in which our subsidiaries or business affiliates have, or may in the future make, an investment regulates, in varying degrees, the distribution, content and ownership of programming services and foreign investment in programming companies and wireline and wireless cable communications, satellite and telephony services and the Internet. Further material changes in the law and regulatory requirements must be anticipated, and there can be no assurance that the businesses and assets attributed to each group will become subject to increased expenses or more stringent restrictions as a result of any by future legislation, new regulation or deregulation.
The success of our programming subsidiaries as well as certain of our business affiliates attributed to each group depends on audience acceptance of its programs and services which is difficult to predict. Entertainment content production, premium subscription television program services, and satellite radio services are inherently risky businesses because the revenue derived from these businesses depends primarily upon the public's acceptance of these programs and services, which is difficult to predict. The commercial success of a cable program, premium subscription television service or satellite radio program depends upon the quality and acceptance of competing programs and other entertainment content available in the marketplace at or near the same time, the availability of alternative forms of entertainment and leisure time activities, general economic conditions and other tangible and intangible
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factors, many of which are difficult to predict. Audience sizes for cable programming and premium subscription television programs are important factors when cable television and direct-to-home (DTH) satellite providers negotiate affiliation agreements and, in the case of ad-supported programming and satellite radio service, when advertising rates are negotiated. Consequently, low public acceptance of the programs and services offered by our subsidiaries and business affiliates will have an adverse effect on our results of operations and could hurt the ability of our programming subsidiaries and certain of our business affiliates to maintain rates charged to affiliates, subscribers and advertisers.
Our Interactive Group subsidiaries and business affiliates conduct their businesses under highly competitive conditions. Although QVC and HSN are two of the nation's largest home shopping networks, they and our e-commerce companies have numerous and varied competitors at the national and local levels, including conventional and specialty department stores, other specialty stores, mass merchants, value retailers, discounters, and Internet and mail-order retailers. Competition is characterized by many factors, including assortment, advertising, price, quality, service, location, reputation and credit availability. If our Interactive Group subsidiaries and business affiliates do not compete effectively with regard to these factors, their results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.
The sales and operating results of our Interactive Group subsidiaries and business affiliates depend on their ability to predict or respond to consumer preferences. The sales and operating results of our Interactive Group subsidiaries and business affiliates depend in part on their ability to predict or respond to changes in consumer preferences and fashion trends in a timely manner. QVC and e-commerce companies develop new retail concepts and continuously adjust their product mix in an effort to satisfy customer demands. Any sustained failure to identify and respond to emerging trends in lifestyle and consumer preferences could have a material adverse affect on the businesses of our Interactive Group subsidiaries and business affiliates. Consumer spending may be affected by many factors outside of their control, including competition from store-based retailers, mail-order and Internet companies, consumer confidence and preferences, and general economic conditions.
Increased programming and content costs may adversely affect profits. Two of our subsidiaries, QVC and Starz, and one of our business affiliates, HSN, produce programming and other content and incur costs for all types of creative talent including writers, producers, actors and other on-air talent. Starz also acquires programming, such as movies and television series, from television production companies and movie studios. An increase in the costs of programming and other content may lead to decreased profitability.
Continuingly weak economic conditions may reduce consumer demand for our products and services. The current economic downturn in the United States and in other regions of the world in which our subsidiaries and affiliates operate could adversely affect demand for our products and services. A substantial portion of our revenue is derived from discretionary spending by individuals, which typically falls during times of economic instability. A reduction in discretionary spending could adversely affect revenue across our tracking stock groups including lagging retail sales, potential downgrades by satellite and cable television subscribers, reduced live-entertainment expenditures (such as for concerts and sporting events) and a drastic slowdown in auto sales (which is an important source of satellite radio subscribers). Accordingly, our ability to increase or maintain revenue and earnings could be adversely affected to the extent that relevant economic environments remain weak or decline further. We currently are unable to predict the extent of any of these potential adverse effects.
The success of two of our subsidiaries, QVC and Starz, depend in large part on their ability to recruit and retain key personnel. QVC has a business model that requires it to recruit and retain key employees with the skills necessary for a unique business that demands knowledge of the general retail industry, television production, direct to consumer marketing, fulfillment and the Internet. In addition, as Starz's original programming continues to gain greater market share, the key talent associated with
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this original programming will become difficult to replace. We cannot assure you that if QVC or Starz experience turnover of these key persons, they will be able to recruit and retain acceptable replacements, in part, because the market for such employees is very competitive and limited.
Our subsidiary, QVC, has operations outside of the United States that are subject to numerous operational and financial risks. QVC has operations in countries other than the United States and are subject to the following risks inherent in international operations:
The success of our Interactive Group subsidiaries and certain of our business affiliates depends on maintaining the integrity of their systems and infrastructure. A fundamental requirement for online commerce and communications is the secure transmission of confidential information, such as credit card numbers or other personal information, over public networks. If the security measures of any of our Interactive Group subsidiaries or our business affiliates engaged in online commerce were to be compromised, it could have a detrimental effect on their reputation and adversely affect their ability to attract customers. Computer viruses transmitted over the Internet have significantly increased in recent years, thereby increasing the possibility of disabling attacks on and damage to websites of our Interactive Group subsidiaries and those of our business affiliates whose businesses are dependent on the Internet. In addition, certain of these businesses rely on third-party computer systems and service providers to facilitate and process a portion of their transactions. Any interruptions, outages or delays in these services, or a deterioration in their performance, could impair the ability of these businesses to process transactions for their customers and the quality of service they can offer to them.
We do not have the right to manage our business affiliates, which means we are not able to cause those affiliates to act in a manner that we deem desirable. We do not have the right to manage the businesses or affairs of any of our business affiliates (generally those companies in which we have less than a majority voting stake) attributed to the Interactive Group, including HSN and Expedia, and the Capital Group, including Sirius, Live Nation. Rather, our rights may take the form of representation on the board of directors or a partners' or similar committee that supervises management or possession of veto rights over significant or extraordinary actions. The scope of our veto rights vary from agreement to agreement. Although our board representation and veto rights may enable us to exercise influence over the management or policies of a business affiliate, enable us to prevent the sale of material assets by a business affiliate in which we own less than a majority voting interest or prevent us from paying dividends or making distributions to our stockholders or partners, they will not enable us to cause these actions to be taken.
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The liquidity and value of our public investments may be affected by market conditions beyond our control that could cause us to record losses for declines in their market value. Included among the assets attributable to the Capital group and the Interactive Group are equity interests in one or more publicly-traded companies which are not consolidated subsidiaries. The value of these interests may be affected by economic and market conditions that are beyond our control. In addition, our ability to liquidate these interests without adversely affecting their value may be limited.
A substantial portion of the consolidated debt attributed to each group is held above the operating subsidiary level, and we could be unable in the future to obtain cash in amounts sufficient to service that debt and our other financial obligations. As of December 31, 2010, our wholly-owned subsidiary Liberty Media LLC had $4,213 billion principal amount of publicly-traded debt outstanding. Liberty Media LLC is a holding company for all of our subsidiaries and investments. In addition, we have $750 million of bank and other debt that is held above the operating subsidiary level. Our ability to meet the financial obligations of Liberty Media LLC and our other financial obligations will depend on our ability to access cash. Our sources of cash include our available cash balances, net cash from operating activities, dividends and interest from our investments, availability under credit facilities at the operating subsidiary level, monetization of our public investment portfolio and proceeds from asset sales. There are no assurances that we will maintain the amounts of cash, cash equivalents or marketable securities that we maintained over the past few years. The ability of our operating subsidiaries to pay dividends or to make other payments or advances to us or Liberty Media LLC depends on their individual operating results and any statutory, regulatory or contractual restrictions to which they may be or may become subject. Some of our subsidiaries are subject to loan agreements that restrict sales of assets and prohibit or limit the payment of dividends or the making of distributions, loans or advances to stockholders and partners. Neither we nor Liberty Media LLC will generally receive cash, in the form of dividends, loans, advances or otherwise, from our business affiliates. In this regard, we will not have sufficient voting control over most of our business affiliates to cause those companies to pay dividends or make other payments or advances to their partners or stockholders, including our company or Liberty Media LLC.
Sales of our common stock by our insiders could depress the market price of our common stock. Sales of our shares by our Chairman of the Board or any of our other directors or executive officers could cause a perception in the marketplace that our stock price has peaked or that adverse events or trends have occurred or may be occurring at our company. This perception can result notwithstanding any personal financial motivation for these insider sales. As a result, insider sales could depress the market price for shares of one or more series of our tracking stocks.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.
None.
We own our corporate headquarters in Englewood, Colorado. All of our other real or personal property is owned or leased by our subsidiaries and business affiliates.
QVC owns its corporate headquarters and operations center in West Chester, Pennsylvania. It also owns call centers in San Antonio, Texas, Port St. Lucie, Florida, Chesapeake, Virginia, Bochum and Kassel, Germany, as well as a call center and warehouse in Knowsley, United Kingdom. QVC owns a distribution center in Hücklehoven, Germany and distribution centers in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, Suffolk, Virginia, Rocky Mount, North Carolina, Florence, South Carolina and Sakura-shi, Chiba, Japan. To supplement the facilities it owns, QVC also leases various facilities in the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Japan and Italy for retail outlet stores, office space, warehouse space and call center locations.
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Starz owns its corporate headquarters in Englewood, Colorado. In addition, Starz leases office space for executive offices, distribution and sales operations in Burbank, California; Troy, Michigan; Beverly Hills, California; Media, Pennsylvania; Atlanta, Georgia; New York, New York; Toronto, Ontario, London, England and Melbourne and Sydney, Australia.
Our other subsidiaries and business affiliates own or lease the fixed assets necessary for the operation of their respective businesses, including office space, transponder space, headends, cable television and telecommunications distribution equipment, telecommunications switches and customer equipment (including converter boxes). Our management believes that our current facilities are suitable and adequate for our business operations for the foreseeable future.
On August 6, 2010, Liberty and its subsidiary Liberty Media LLC filed a Verified Complaint for Injunctive Relief and Declaratory Judgment in the Delaware Court of Chancery against The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company ("BNY"), in BNY's capacity as trustee under the indenture dated July 7, 1999 (as amended and supplemented, the "Indenture") governing Liberty Media LLC's public indebtedness. Liberty filed a verified amended complaint on September 3, 2010 and a verified second amended complaint on October 1, 2010. The second amended complaint requested a declaratory judgment by the court that the previously announced plan to split-off the businesses, assets and liabilities currently attributed to the Liberty Capital and Liberty Starz tracking stock groups will not constitute a disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of Liberty Media LLC under the Indenture and that, therefore, no "Event of Default" will arise as a result of Liberty Media LLC remaining the obligor under the Indenture following the proposed split-off. The second amended complaint further requested that the court enjoin BNY, those acting in concert with it, and each holder of securities whose interests are represented by BNY under the Indenture from declaring an "Event of Default" in connection with the split-off or taking action to accelerate the repayment of indebtedness under the securities. BNY filed a motion to dismiss the complaint, contending that the Delaware Court of Chancery does not have subject matter jurisdiction over the dispute and that it should be litigated in a different court in Delaware. BNY also sought to dismiss based on the theory that there is not a case or controversy for a court to resolve. The motion to dismiss was denied. Trial was held the week of February 21, 2011, and the parties are currently preparing post-trial briefs and awaiting a decision.
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Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities.
Market Information
We have three tracking stocks outstanding as of December 31, 2010. Our Series A and Series B Liberty Interactive tracking stock (LINTA and LINTB) have been outstanding since May 2006. Our Series A and Series B Liberty Capital tracking stock (LCAPA and LCAPB) and our Series A and Series B Liberty Starz tracking stock (formerly Liberty Entertainment tracking stock) (LSTZA and LSTZB, formerly LMDIA and LMDIB) have been outstanding since March 4, 2008 when each share of our previous Liberty Capital tracking stock was reclassified into one share of the same series of new Liberty Capital and four shares of the same series of Liberty Entertainment. On November 19, 2009, we completed the split off (the "LEI Split-Off") of our subsidiary Liberty Entertainment, Inc. ("LEI"). The LEI Split-Off was accomplished by a redemption of 90% of the outstanding shares of Liberty Entertainment common stock in exchange for all of the outstanding shares of common stock of LEI. LEI had been attributed to the Entertainment Group. Subsequent to the LEI Split-Off, the Entertainment Group was renamed the Starz Group. Each series of our common stock trades on the Nasdaq Global Select Market. The following table sets forth the range of high and low sales prices of shares of our common stock for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009.
|
Liberty Capital | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Series A (LCAPA) |
Series B (LCAPB) |
||||||||||||
|
High | Low | High | Low | ||||||||||
2009 |
||||||||||||||
First quarter |
$ | 7.46 | 4.35 | 10.60 | 4.46 | |||||||||
Second quarter |
$ | 15.42 | 6.61 | 15.98 | 6.30 | |||||||||
Third quarter |
$ | 23.52 | 11.04 | 23.68 | 12.46 | |||||||||
Fourth quarter |
$ | 25.05 | 20.35 | 25.01 | 20.46 | |||||||||
2010 |
||||||||||||||
First quarter |
$ | 37.16 | 23.62 | 37.00 | 23.50 | |||||||||
Second quarter |
$ | 46.05 | 36.48 | 45.94 | 37.50 | |||||||||
Third quarter |
$ | 53.25 | 40.42 | 52.74 | 41.42 | |||||||||
Fourth quarter |
$ | 63.67 | 52.01 | 63.28 | 51.62 |
|
Liberty Interactive | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Series A (LINTA) |
Series B (LINTB) |
||||||||||||
|
High | Low | High | Low | ||||||||||
2009 |
||||||||||||||
First quarter |
$ | 3.99 | 2.42 | 3.81 | 1.75 | |||||||||
Second quarter |
$ | 7.34 | 2.83 | 7.27 | 2.89 | |||||||||
Third quarter |
$ | 11.48 | 4.53 | 11.40 | 4.31 | |||||||||
Fourth quarter |
$ | 12.81 | 9.82 | 12.79 | 10.23 | |||||||||
2010 |
||||||||||||||
First quarter |
$ | 15.41 | 10.20 | 15.25 | 10.29 | |||||||||
Second quarter |
$ | 16.65 | 10.45 | 16.65 | 10.79 | |||||||||
Third quarter |
$ | 14.00 | 10.08 | 13.76 | 10.35 | |||||||||
Fourth quarter |
$ | 16.22 | 13.63 | 16.10 | 13.51 |
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|
Liberty Starz | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Series A (LSTZA) |
Series B (LSTZB) |
||||||||||||
|
High | Low | High | Low | ||||||||||
2009 |
||||||||||||||
First quarter |
$ | 20.94 | 16.03 | 20.10 | 15.25 | |||||||||
Second quarter |
$ | 27.07 | 19.54 | 27.23 | 19.58 | |||||||||
Third quarter |
$ | 31.38 | 24.68 | 31.11 | 24.43 | |||||||||
Fourth quarter (thru November 19) |
$ | 36.26 | 29.86 | 36.10 | 30.01 | |||||||||
Fourth quarter (beginning November 20) |
$ | 51.50 | 46.10 | 50.34 | 46.86 | |||||||||
2010 |
||||||||||||||
First quarter |
$ | 54.73 | 46.04 | 53.67 | 46.64 | |||||||||
Second quarter |
$ | 57.12 | 48.17 | 57.04 | 48.90 | |||||||||
Third quarter |
$ | 65.56 | 49.89 | 67.00 | 51.50 | |||||||||
Fourth quarter |
$ | 69.15 | 60.12 | 69.15 | 61.84 |
Holders
As of January 31, 2011, there were approximately 1,900 and 100 record holders of our Series A and Series B Liberty Capital common stock, respectively, approximately 2,800 and 100 record holders of our Series A and Series B Liberty Interactive common stock, respectively, and approximately 1,500 and 100 record holders of our Series A and Series B Liberty Starz common stock, respectively. The foregoing numbers of record holders do not include the number of stockholders whose shares are held of record by banks, brokerage houses or other institutions, but include each such institution as one shareholder.
Dividends
We have not paid any cash dividends on our common stock, and we have no present intention of so doing. Payment of cash dividends, if any, in the future will be determined by our board of directors in light of our earnings, financial condition and other relevant considerations.
Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans
Information required by this item will be filed in an amendment to this Form 10-K with the Securities and Exchange Commission on or before April 29, 2011.
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer
Share Repurchase Programs
On several occasions our board of directors authorized share repurchase programs for our Series A and Series B Liberty Capital common stock, Series A and Series B Liberty Starz common stock and Series A and Series B Interactive common stock. On November 9, 2009 our board authorized the repurchase of $500 million Series A and Series B Liberty Starz common stock of which $447 million is available for future repurchases. On each of May 5, 2006, November 3, 2006 and October 30, 2007 our board authorized the repurchase of $1 billion of Liberty Interactive Series A and Series B common stock for a total of $3 billion. Approximately $740 million may yet be purchased under such Liberty Interactive common stock repurchase programs. On each of March 10, 2008 and August 13, 2008 our board authorized $300 million of share repurchases of Series A Liberty Capital common stock, an authorization of $500 million in share repurchases on May 6, 2010 and an additional authorization of $500 million in share repurchases on September 16, 2010 for a total of $1.6 billion.
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Fourth quarter repurchases and remaining availability under the repurchase program for Liberty Capital is as follows:
|
Series A Liberty Capital Common Stock | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Period
|
(a) Total Number of Shares Purchased |
(b) Average Price Paid per Share |
(c) Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |
(d) Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares that May Yet be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs |
||||||||||
October 1 - 31, 2010 |
| N/A | | $ | 530 million | |||||||||
November 1 - 30, 2010 |
754,800 | $ | 58.10 | 754,800 | $ | 486 million | ||||||||
December 1 - 31, 2010 |
1,387,200 | $ | 60.13 | 1,387,200 | $ | 403 million | ||||||||
Total |
2,142,000 | 2,142,000 | ||||||||||||
In addition to the shares listed in the table above, 7,199 shares of Series A Liberty Capital common stock, 20,958 shares of Series A Liberty Interactive common stock and 2,628 shares of Series A Liberty Starz common stock were surrendered in the fourth quarter of 2010 by certain of our officers to pay withholding taxes in connection with the vesting of their restricted stock.
Item 6. Selected Financial Data.
The following tables present selected historical information relating to our financial condition and results of operations for the past five years. The following data should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements.
|
December 31, | |||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||||||||||
|
amounts in millions |
|||||||||||||||
Summary Balance Sheet Data: |
||||||||||||||||
Cash |
$ | 3,179 | 4,835 | 3,060 | 3,128 | 3,098 | ||||||||||
Investments in available-for-sale securities and other cost investments |
$ | 4,551 | 4,120 | 2,857 | 6,920 | 10,462 | ||||||||||
Investment in affiliates |
$ | 1,040 | 1,030 | 1,136 | 1,568 | 1,589 | ||||||||||
Assets of discontinued operations |
$ | | | 14,211 | 11,050 | 12,012 | ||||||||||
Total assets |
$ | 26,600 | 28,631 | 41,903 | 45,649 | 47,638 | ||||||||||
Deferred tax liabilities, current |
$ | 864 | 1,247 | 773 | 93 | | ||||||||||
Long-term debt(1) |
$ | 6,788 | 7,842 | 9,630 | 11,524 | 8,909 | ||||||||||
Deferred tax liabilities, noncurrent |
$ | 2,211 | 2,675 | 3,143 | 5,033 | 6,071 | ||||||||||
Equity |
$ | 11,442 | 10,238 | 19,757 | 20,452 | 21,923 |
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|
Years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||||||||||
|
amounts in millions, except per share amounts |
||||||||||||||||
Summary Statement of Operations Data: |
|||||||||||||||||
Revenue |
$ | 10,982 | 10,158 | 9,817 | 9,378 | 8,592 | |||||||||||
Operating income (loss)(2) |
$ | 1,303 | 1,050 | (758 | ) | 758 | 1,158 | ||||||||||
Realized and unrealized gains (losses) on financial instruments, net |
$ | 232 | (155 | ) | (260 | ) | 1,269 | (279 | ) | ||||||||
Gains on dispositions, net |
$ | 569 | 284 | 15 | 646 | 607 | |||||||||||
Other than temporary declines in fair value of investments |
$ | | (9 | ) | (441 | ) | (33 | ) | (4 | ) | |||||||
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations(2)(3): |
|||||||||||||||||
Liberty Capital common stock |
$ | 812 | 127 | (526 | ) | | | ||||||||||
Liberty Starz common stock |
206 | 213 | (967 | ) | | | |||||||||||
Liberty Interactive common stock |
919 | 297 | (737 | ) | 470 | 521 | |||||||||||
Old Liberty Capital common stock |
| | (59 | ) | 1,489 | 125 | |||||||||||
Liberty common stock |
| | | | 178 | ||||||||||||
|
$ | 1,937 | 637 | (2,289 | ) | 1,959 | 824 | ||||||||||
Basic earnings (loss) from continuing operations attributable to Liberty Media Corporation stockholders per common share(4): |
|||||||||||||||||
Series A and Series B Liberty Capital common stock |
$ | 9.06 | 1.32 | (4.65 | ) | | | ||||||||||
Series A and Series B Liberty Starz common stock |
$ | 4.12 | .46 | (1.87 | ) | | | ||||||||||
Series A and Series B Liberty Interactive common stock |
$ | 1.46 | .43 | (1.31 | ) | .70 | .73 | ||||||||||
Old Series A and Series B Liberty Capital common stock |
$ | | | (.46 | ) | 11.19 | .91 | ||||||||||
Liberty common stock |
$ | | | | | .06 | |||||||||||
Diluted earnings (loss) from continuing operations attributable to Liberty Media Corporation stockholders per common share(4): |
|||||||||||||||||
Series A and Series B Liberty Capital common stock |
$ | 8.76 | 1.31 | (4.65 | ) | | | ||||||||||
Series A and Series B Liberty Starz common stock |
$ | 3.96 | .46 | (1.87 | ) | | | ||||||||||
Series A and Series B Liberty Interactive common stock |
$ | 1.44 | .43 | (1.31 | ) | .69 | .73 | ||||||||||
Old Series A and Series B Liberty Capital common stock |
$ | | | (.46 | ) | 11.11 | .91 | ||||||||||
Liberty common stock |
$ | | | | | .06 |
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Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
The following discussion and analysis provides information concerning our results of operations and financial condition. This discussion should be read in conjunction with our accompanying consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto.
Overview
We own controlling and non-controlling interests in a broad range of video and on-line commerce, media, communications and entertainment companies. Our more significant operating subsidiaries, which are also our reportable segments, are QVC, Inc. and Starz, LLC. QVC markets and sells a wide variety of consumer products in the United States and several foreign countries, primarily by means of televised shopping programs on the QVC networks and via the Internet through its U.S. and international websites. Starz provides premium networks which are distributed by cable operators, direct-to-home satellite providers, telephone companies and other distributors in the United States and develops, produces and acquires entertainment content and distributes such content to consumers in the United States and throughout the world.
Our "Corporate and Other" category includes our other consolidated subsidiaries and corporate expenses. Our other consolidated subsidiaries include Provide Commerce, Inc., Backcountry.com, Inc., Bodybuilding.com, LLC, Atlanta National League Baseball Club, Inc. ("ANLBC"), TruePosition, Inc. and Celebrate Interactive Holdings, Inc. ("Celebrate"). Provide operates an e-commerce marketplace of websites for perishable goods, including flowers and fruits and desserts, as well as upscale personalized gifts. Backcountry operates websites offering outdoor and backcountry sports gear and clothing. Bodybuilding manages websites related to sports nutrition, bodybuilding and fitness. ANLBC owns the Atlanta Braves, a major league baseball club, as well as certain of the Atlanta Braves' minor league clubs. TruePosition provides equipment and technology that deliver location-based services to wireless users. Celebrate operates websites that offer costumes, accessories, décor, party supplies, on-line party invitations and gifts.
In addition to the foregoing businesses, we hold ownership interests in Sirius XM Radio Inc. ("SIRIUS XM"), Expedia, Inc. and HSN, Inc., which we account for as equity method investments, and we continue to maintain investments and related financial instruments in public companies such as Time Warner, Time Warner Cable, Motorola, Inc., Live Nation Entertainment, Inc. ("Live Nation") and Sprint Nextel Corporation, which are accounted for at their respective fair market values and are included in corporate and other.
Tracking Stocks
Prior to March 3, 2008, we had two tracking stocks outstanding, Liberty Interactive common stock and Liberty Capital common stock. On March 3, 2008, we completed a reclassification (the "Reclassification") pursuant to which our Liberty Capital common stock was reclassified into two new tracking stocks, one retaining the designation Liberty Capital common stock and the other designated Liberty Entertainment common stock. The Liberty Entertainment common stock was intended to track and reflect the separate economic performance of a newly designated Entertainment Group, which had attributed to it a portion of the businesses, assets and liabilities that were previously attributed to the Capital Group.
On November 19, 2009, we completed a split-off (the "LEI Split-Off") of our wholly owned subsidiary, Liberty Entertainment, Inc. ("LEI"), and the business combination transaction among our company, LEI and The DIRECTV Group, Inc. ("DIRECTV") (the "DTV Business Combination"). The LEI Split-Off was accomplished by a partial redemption of 90% of the outstanding shares of Liberty Entertainment common stock in exchange for all of the outstanding shares of common stock of LEI, pursuant to which, 0.9 of each outstanding share of Liberty Entertainment common stock was
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redeemed for 0.9 of a share of the corresponding series of common stock of LEI, with payment of cash in lieu of any fractional shares. LEI held our 57% interest in DIRECTV, 100% interest in Liberty Sports Holdings, LLC, 65% interest in Game Show Network, LLC and approximately $120 million in cash and cash equivalents, and approximately $2 billion of indebtedness. All of the businesses, assets and liabilities that were attributed to the Entertainment Group and were not held by LEI have remained with our company and continue to be attributed to the Entertainment Group, which we have redesignated as the Starz Group.
Immediately following the LEI Split-Off, we, LEI and DIRECTV completed the DTV Business Combination, and each of LEI and DIRECTV became wholly owned subsidiaries of a new public holding company named DIRECTV ("Holdings"). Pursuant to the DTV Business Combination, (i) John C. Malone, Chairman of the boards of Liberty Media, LEI and DIRECTV, and certain related persons (collectively, "the Malones") contributed each of their shares of LEI Series B common stock to Holdings for 1.1113 shares of Holdings Class B common stock (with payment of cash in lieu of any fractional shares), (ii) LEI merged with a wholly-owned subsidiary of Holdings, and each share of LEI common stock (other than shares of LEI Series B common stock held by the Malones) was exchanged for 1.1113 shares of Holdings Class A common stock (with payment of cash in lieu of any fractional shares), and (iii) DIRECTV merged with a wholly-owned subsidiary of Holdings, and each share of DIRECTV common stock was exchanged for one share of Holdings Class A common stock.
Because the LEI Split-Off was conditioned on, among other matters, satisfaction and waiver of all conditions to the DTV Business Combination, the LEI Split-Off and the DTV Business Combination have been recorded at fair value, and we recognized an approximate $5.9 billion gain on the transaction. Such gain is included in earnings from discontinued operations in our accompanying consolidated statement of operations.
During the second quarter of 2010, Liberty announced that its board of directors had authorized its management to proceed with a plan to separate its Liberty Capital and Liberty Starz tracking stock groups from its Liberty Interactive tracking stock group.
The proposed split-off will be effected by the redemption of all the outstanding shares of Liberty Capital tracking stock and Liberty Starz tracking stock in exchange for shares in a newly formed company ("Splitco"). Splitco will hold all the assets and be subject to all the liabilities currently attributed to the Liberty Capital and Liberty Starz tracking stock groups. In February of 2011 we changed the attribution of approximately $264 million of cash, exchangeable debt in the principal amount of $1.1 billion and the stock into which such debt is exchangeable from Liberty Capital to Liberty Interactive. The common stock of Splitco will be divided into two tracking stock groups, one tracking assets that are currently attributed to the Liberty Capital group ("Splitco Capital") and the other tracking assets that are currently attributed to the Liberty Starz group ("Splitco Starz"). In the redemption, holders of Liberty Capital tracking stock will receive shares of Splitco Capital tracking stock and holders of Liberty Starz tracking stock will receive shares of Splitco Starz tracking stock. After the redemption, Splitco and Liberty will be separate public companies.
The proposed split-off is intended to be tax-free to stockholders of Liberty and its completion will be subject to various conditions, including the receipt of IRS private letter rulings, the opinions of tax counsel and required governmental approvals. The redemption that is necessary to effect the proposed split-off will require the affirmative vote of (i) a majority of the voting power of the outstanding shares of Liberty Capital tracking stock and (ii) a majority of the voting power of the outstanding shares of Liberty Starz tracking stock, in each case, present and voting at a meeting called to consider the redemption. In August 2010, Liberty filed suit in the Delaware Court of Chancery against the trustee under the indenture governing the public indebtedness issued by the Company's subsidiary, Liberty Media LLC. The lawsuit was filed in response to allegations made by a law firm purporting to represent a holder with a large position in this public indebtedness. The lawsuit seeks a declaratory
II-6
judgment by the court that the proposed split-off will not constitute a disposition of "all or substantially all" of the assets of Liberty Media LLC, as those terms are used in the indenture, as well as related injunctive relief. Resolution of the subject matter of this lawsuit is a condition to Liberty completing the proposed split-off. Subject to the satisfaction of the conditions described above, Liberty intends to complete the proposed split-off in the first half of 2011.
Tracking stock is a type of common stock that the issuing company intends to reflect or "track" the economic performance of a particular business or "group," rather than the economic performance of the company as a whole. While the Interactive Group, the Starz Group and the Capital Group have separate collections of businesses, assets and liabilities attributed to them, no group is a separate legal entity and therefore cannot own assets, issue securities or enter into legally binding agreements. Holders of tracking stocks have no direct claim to the group's stock or assets and are not represented by separate boards of directors. Instead, holders of tracking stock are stockholders of the parent corporation, with a single board of directors and subject to all of the risks and liabilities of the parent corporation.
The term "Interactive Group" does not represent a separate legal entity, rather it represents those businesses, assets and liabilities which we have attributed to it. As of December 31, 2010, the assets and businesses we have attributed to the Interactive Group are those engaged in video and on-line commerce, and include our subsidiaries QVC, Provide, Backcountry, Bodybuilding and Celebrate and our interests in Expedia, HSN, Inc., Interval Leisure Group, Inc. and Tree.com, Inc. In addition, we have attributed $3,075 million principal amount (as of December 31, 2010) of our public debt to the Interactive Group. The Interactive Group will also include such other businesses that our board of directors may in the future determine to attribute to the Interactive Group, including such other businesses as we may acquire for the Interactive Group.
Similarly, the term "Starz Group" does not represent a separate legal entity, rather it represents those businesses, assets and liabilities which we have attributed to it. The Starz Group is comprised primarily of our subsidiary Starz, LLC and approximately $878 million (as of December 31, 2010) of cash, including subsidiary cash.
The term "Capital Group" also does not represent a separate legal entity, rather it represents all of our businesses, assets and liabilities which we have attributed to it. The Capital Group has attributed to it all of our businesses, assets and liabilities not attributed to the Interactive Group or the Starz Group, including our subsidiaries Starz Media through September 30, 2010, ANLBC and TruePosition, and our investments in SIRIUS XM, Live Nation Entertainment, Inc., Time Warner Inc., Time Warner Cable and Sprint Nextel Corporation. In addition, we have attributed $1,212 million of cash, including subsidiary cash and $1,888 million principal amount (as of December 31, 2010) of our exchangeable senior debentures and other parent debt to the Capital Group. The Capital Group will also include such other businesses that our board of directors may in the future determine to attribute to the Capital Group, including such other businesses as we may acquire for the Capital Group.
On February 25, 2010, we announced that our board of directors had resolved to effect the following changes in attribution between the Capital Group and the Interactive Group, effective immediately (the "February Reattribution"):
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The Liberty Media board determined that the February Reattribution would enable the Liberty Interactive Group to obtain long-term debt financing on better terms than would have been available to it in the capital markets at that time and improve the liquidity of the Liberty Interactive Group. In addition, the Liberty Interactive Group's generation of meaningful taxable income would better position it to utilize more directly and efficiently the tax benefits associated with the Exchangeable Notes. Previously, the Liberty Interactive Group was using these tax benefits, which were then attributed to the Liberty Capital Group, and compensating the Liberty Capital Group for such use. Lastly, the Liberty Media board believed that Liberty Media's equity interests in Live Nation Entertainment should be reattributed to the Liberty Capital Group in order to position it to take advantage of potential synergies associated with the Liberty Capital Group's interests in Sirius XM Radio.
In establishing the terms of the February Reattribution, the Liberty Media board reviewed, among other things, (i) a range of estimated values for the Exchangeable Notes (between $482 million and $526 million), which took into account the trading prices of the Exchangeable Notes and their unique tax attributes, among other things, and (ii) the estimated value of Liberty Media's equity interests in Live Nation Entertainment (approximately $298 million), which was based on the $12 per share offer price in Liberty Media's tender offer for additional shares of Live Nation during February 2010. Consistent with Liberty Media's Management and Allocation Policies, the Liberty Media board determined that the exchange of assets and liabilities between the two groups in the February Reattribution was completed on a fair value basis.
On September 16, 2010, Liberty Media's board of directors approved a change in attribution of Liberty Media's interest in Starz Media, LLC along with $15 million in cash from its Capital Group to its Starz Group, effective September 30, 2010 (the "Starz Media Reattribution"). As a result of the Starz Media Reattribution, an intergroup payable of approximately $54.9 million owed by Liberty Media's Capital Group to its Starz Group has been extinguished, and its Starz Group has become attributed with approximately $53.7 million in bank debt, interest rate swaps and any shutdown costs associated with the winding down of the Overture Films business. Notwithstanding the Starz Media Reattribution, the board determined that certain tax benefits relating to the operation of the Starz Media, LLC business by Liberty Media's Capital Group that may be realized from any future sale or other disposition of that business by Liberty Media's Starz Group will remain attributed to its Capital Group.
The Starz Media Reattribution enabled the Liberty Starz Group to acquire the complementary Starz Media business. Starz Entertainment had been engaging in mutually beneficial content distribution and programming arrangements with Starz Media, and it was inefficient for these arrangements to be treated as inter-group transactions. Accordingly, the Liberty Media board reattributed Starz Media, and its related debt, from the Liberty Capital Group to the Liberty Starz
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Group. This also enabled the Liberty Capital Group to repay indebtedness it owed to the Liberty Starz Group without using any of its cash reserves.
In establishing the terms of the Starz Reattribution, the Liberty Media board considered, among other things, (i) a range of estimated values for the Starz Media assets (between $95 million and $122 million), (ii) the $53.7 million in Starz Media liabilities to be assumed and (iii) the $54.9 million payable owed by the Liberty Capital Group to the Liberty Starz Group. Consistent with Liberty Media's Management and Allocation Policies, the Liberty Media board determined that the exchange of assets and liabilities between the two groups in the Starz Reattribution was completed on a fair value basis.
On February 9, 2011, Liberty Media's Board of Directors approved the change in attribution of (i) approximately $1.138 billion principal amount of Liberty Media LLC's 3.125% Exchangeable Senior Debentures due 2023 (the "TWX Exchangeable Notes"), (ii) 21,785,130 shares of Time Warner Inc. common stock, 5,468,254 shares of Time Warner Cable Inc. common stock and 1,980,425 shares of AOL, Inc. common stock, which collectively represent the basket of securities into which the TWX Exchangeable Notes are exchangeable (the "Basket Securities") and (iii) $263.8 million in cash from the Capital Group to the Interactive Group, effective immediately (the "TWX Reattribution"). The TWX Reattribution had no effect on the assets and liabilities attributed to the Starz Group, nor did it effect any change to the obligor of the TWX Exchangeable Notes, which remains Liberty Media LLC.
The Liberty Media board determined to effect the TWX Reattribution in light of the proposed split-off, to eliminate ambiguity regarding the terms of this reattribution and to better align the TWX Exchangeable Notes with the tracking stock group that has the strongest cashflow generation. The reattribution of the TWX Exchangeable Notes was necessary to complete the pending proposed split-off because the obligor thereunder, Liberty Media LLC, will remain with Liberty Media following that split-off. The Liberty Media board believed that waiting to complete this reattribution until an unknowable time when the conditions to the split-off would be satisfied was creating confusion in the marketplace over the terms of the pending reattribution, including the amount of cash to be reattributed. In addition, and irrespective of the split-off, the Liberty Media board believes the Interactive Group is best positioned to fulfill the obligations under the Exchangeable Notes given its strong cash flow and solid credit position. Accordingly, the Liberty Media board decided to complete the TWX Reattribution at its February 9, 2011 board meeting.
In establishing the terms of the TWX Reattribution, the Liberty Media board reviewed, among other things, (i) the principal amount of the TWX Exchangeable Notes, (ii) a range of values for tax liabilities associated with the delivery of the Basket Securities (between $162 million and $168 million), (iii) a range of values in payment for the risk that the Basket Securities are worth less than the face amount of the TWX Exchangeable Notes at the first date on which the TWX Exchangeable Notes can be redeemed, which is March 30, 2013 (between $36 million to $55 million), and (iv) the estimated value of the Basket Securities, using closing market prices on February 8, 2011 ($1.2 billion in the aggregate).
We accounted for the reattributions prospectively in our unaudited attributed financials. The changes in attribution, which are intended to be value neutral, had no effect on the consolidated assets and liabilities of Liberty Media Corporation.
See Exhibit 99.1 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K for unaudited attributed financial information for our tracking stock groups.
II-9
Strategies and Challenges of Business Units
QVC. During 2010, QVC continued to see improved economic conditions and operating results. In 2010 QVC continues to adjust its product mix, improve its programming, enhance and optimize its website and invest in multi-media opportunities.
During 2010, QVC continued to see improved operating results despite continued economic uncertainty.QVC continued to adjust its product mix, improve its programming, enhance and optimize its website and invest in multi-media opportunities. All established markets have grown their ecommerce sales and penetration percentage. The count of new customers increased 8% worldwide and QVC's revenue from new customers increased 11%.
In 2010, each of QVC's international businesses showed improved operating results in local currency, but QVC-UK and QVC-Germany were negatively impacted by a stronger U.S. dollar, while QVC-Japan was helped by a stronger Japanese yen.
QVC's goal is to become the preeminent global multimedia shopping community and to deliver a shopping experience that is as much about entertainment and enrichment as it is about buying. QVC's objective is to provide an integrated shopping experience that utilizes all forms of media including television, the Internet and mobile Internet. In 2011, QVC intends to employ several strategies to achieve these goals and objectives. Among these strategies are to (1) extend the breadth, relevance and exposure of the QVC brand, (2) source products that represent unique quality and value, (3) create engaging presentation content in televised programming, mobile and online, (4) leverage customer loyalty and continue multi-platform expansion and (5) create a compelling and differentiated customer experience. In addition, QVC expects to leverage its existing systems, infrastructure and skills.
QVC-US has identified certain product growth opportunities and will continue to pursue compelling brands, unique items and dynamic and relevant personalities to fuel a constant flow of fresh concepts and large scale programming events. The QVC-US store front, or sets, have been updated to provide a fresh, inviting look and feel to create customer interest as well as improved product demonstration capability. The enhanced website will provide improved product search and guided navigation, a second live counter programming show stream and the ability to create micro-sites.
QVC's programming service is already received by substantially all of the multichannel television households in the US, UK and Germany. QVC's future net revenue growth will primarily depend on additions of new customers from households already receiving our television programming, growth in sales to existing customers and international expansion. QVC's future net revenue may also be affected by (1) the willingness of multichannel television distributors to continue carrying QVC's programming service, (2) the ability to maintain favorable channel positioning, which may become more difficult as distributors convert analog customers to digital, (3) changes in television viewing habits because of the proliferation of personal video recorders, video-on-demand and Internet video services and (4) general economic conditions.
Starz, LLC. Starz's focus in 2011 will be directed to several initiatives. First, Starz will continue to differentiate itself from other pay television programmers by investing in, producing and airing original programming on its Starz Channels. Secondly, Starz will continue to work with its distributors to package its channels in lower tier product offerings to gain wider distribution. Thirdly, Starz will continue to explore and invest in additional distribution channels and products, including on demand, high definition, Internet and mobile Internet products. Finally, Starz has finalized new affiliation agreements with certain distributors whose agreements had expired and will continue to work to finalize new affiliation agreements with other distributors whose agreements have expired or are about to expire.
Starz faces certain challenges in its attempt to meet these goals, including: (1) cable operators' promotion of bundled service offerings rather than premium video services; (2) the impact on viewer
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habits of new technologies such as Internet capable televisions and blu-ray players; (3) potential consolidation in the broadband and satellite distribution industries; (4) an increasing number of alternative movie and programming sources and (5) loss of subscribers due to economic conditions.
Results of Operations
General. We provide in the tables below information regarding our Consolidated Operating Results and Other Income and Expense, as well as information regarding the contribution to those items from our reportable segments categorized by tracking stock group. The "corporate and other" category for each tracking stock group consists of those assets or businesses which do not qualify as a separate reportable segment. For a more detailed discussion and analysis of the financial results of the principal reporting segments of each tracking stock group, see "Interactive Group", "Starz Group" and "Capital Group" below. As discussed more fully in Management's Discussion and Analysis for the Starz Group the Starz Media Reattribution impacted the year-ended December 31, 2010 presentation for the Starz Group and Capital Group due to the change in attribution of the Starz Media businesses to the Starz Group as of September 30, 2010. The results for Starz Media remain in the Capital Group for the nine months ended September 30, 2010, the period those businesses were attributed to that group, and are included in the Starz Group for the final three months of the year in the results of Starz, LLC (the combined entity).
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Consolidated Operating Results
|
Years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2010 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||||
|
amounts in millions |
||||||||||||
Revenue |
|||||||||||||
Interactive Group |
|||||||||||||
QVC |
$ | 7,807 | 7,352 | 7,285 | |||||||||
Corporate and other |
1,125 | 953 | 794 | ||||||||||
|
8,932 | 8,305 | 8,079 | ||||||||||
Starz Group |
|||||||||||||
Starz, LLC |
1,329 | 1,193 | 1,111 | ||||||||||
Corporate and other |
13 | 11 | 13 | ||||||||||
|
1,342 | 1,204 | 1,124 | ||||||||||
Capital Group |
|||||||||||||
Starz Media |
317 | 364 | 321 | ||||||||||
Corporate and other |
391 | 285 | 293 | ||||||||||
|
708 | 649 | 614 | ||||||||||
Consolidated Liberty |
$ | 10,982 | 10,158 | 9,817 | |||||||||
Adjusted OIBDA |
|||||||||||||
Interactive Group |
|||||||||||||
QVC |
$ | 1,671 | 1,556 | 1,494 | |||||||||
Corporate and other |
75 | 98 | 61 | ||||||||||
|
1,746 | 1,654 | 1,555 | ||||||||||
Starz Group |
|||||||||||||
Starz, LLC |
415 | 384 | 301 | ||||||||||
Corporate and other |
(14 | ) | (10 | ) | (11 | ) | |||||||
|
401 | 374 | 290 | ||||||||||
Capital Group |
|||||||||||||
Starz Media |
(67 | ) | (93 | ) | (189 | ) | |||||||
Corporate and other |
(10 | ) | (82 | ) | (108 | ) | |||||||
|
(77 | ) | (175 | ) | (297 | ) | |||||||
Consolidated Liberty |
$ | 2,070 | 1,853 | 1,548 | |||||||||
Operating Income (Loss) |
|||||||||||||
Interactive Group |
|||||||||||||
QVC |
$ | 1,130 | 1,014 | 951 | |||||||||
Corporate and other |
(22 | ) | 27 | (45 | ) | ||||||||
|
1,108 | 1,041 | 906 | ||||||||||
Starz Group |
|||||||||||||
Starz, LLC |
358 | 330 | (975 | ) | |||||||||
Corporate and other |
(31 | ) | (58 | ) | (38 | ) | |||||||
|
327 | 272 | (1,013 | ) | |||||||||
Capital Group |
|||||||||||||
Starz Media |
(71 | ) | (100 | ) | (395 | ) | |||||||
Corporate and other |
(61 | ) | (163 | ) | (256 | ) | |||||||
|
(132 | ) | (263 | ) | (651 | ) | |||||||
Consolidated Liberty |
$ | 1,303 | 1,050 | (758 | ) | ||||||||
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Revenue. Our consolidated revenue increased 8.1% in 2010 and 3.5% in 2009, as compared to the corresponding prior year. The increase in 2010 is due to increases for most of our subsidiaries including QVC ($455 million), our e-commerce businesses ($172 million) and TruePosition ($111 million). The increase in 2009 is due to increases for most of our subsidiaries including our e-commerce businesses ($155 million), Starz, LLC ($82 million) and QVC ($67 million). See Management's Discussion and Analysis for the Interactive Group, Starz Group and Capital Group below for a more complete discussion of the respective results of operations.
In November 2006, TruePosition signed an amendment to its existing services contract with AT&T Corp. that required TruePosition to develop and deliver additional software features. Under generally accepted accounting principles TruePosition was required to defer recognition of revenue under that contract until all contracted items had been delivered. In the second quarter of 2010 TruePosition delivered the final specified upgrade in accordance with the amended AT&T contract. The delivery of this upgrade caused TruePosition to commence recognizing previously deferred revenue and costs into operations for the year ended December 31, 2010 ($117 million and $40 million, respectively). In February of 2011 TruePosition signed an amended contract that materially changed the terms of the existing AT&T contract. Due to the transition provisions of the new revenue recognition rules a contract that is materially modified is subject to the new accounting standard (see discussion in Recent Accounting Pronouncements). Therefore, the Company is currently analyzing the impacts of the material modification and believe that recognition of a significant portion of the deferred revenue and deferred cost associated with that contract may be required in the first quarter of 2011, under the new provisions. As of December 31, 2010, deferred revenue and deferred cost under the AT&T arrangement were $576 million and $168 million, respectively.
Adjusted OIBDA. We define Adjusted OIBDA as revenue less cost of sales, operating expenses and selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expenses (excluding stock compensation). Our chief operating decision maker and management team use this measure of performance in conjunction with other measures to evaluate our businesses and make decisions about allocating resources among our businesses. We believe this is an important indicator of the operational strength and performance of our businesses, including each business's ability to service debt and fund capital expenditures. In addition, this measure allows us to view operating results, perform analytical comparisons and benchmarking between businesses and identify strategies to improve performance. This measure of performance excludes such costs as depreciation and amortization, stock compensation, separately disclosed litigation settlements and impairments of long-lived assets that are included in the measurement of operating income pursuant to generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP"). Accordingly, Adjusted OIBDA should be considered in addition to, but not as a substitute for, operating income, net income, cash flow provided by operating activities and other measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with GAAP. See note 20 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for a reconciliation of Adjusted OIBDA to Earnings (Loss) From Continuing Operations Before Income Taxes.
Consolidated Adjusted OIBDA increased $217 million or 11.7% and $305 million or 19.7% in 2010 and 2009, respectively, as compared to the corresponding prior year. The 2010 increase is due to improvements at QVC ($115 million), TruePosition ($74 million) and the combined Starz results. The 2009 increase is due primarily to improvements for Starz Media, Starz Entertainment, QVC and our e-commerce companies. See Management's Discussion and Analysis for the Interactive Group, Starz Group and Capital Group below for a more complete discussion of the respective results.
Stock-based compensation. Stock-based compensation includes compensation related to (1) options and stock appreciation rights ("SARs") for shares of our common stock that are granted to certain of our officers and employees, (2) phantom stock appreciation rights ("PSARs") granted to officers and employees of certain of our subsidiaries pursuant to private equity plans and (3) amortization of restricted stock grants.
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We recorded $150 million, $128 million and $49 million of stock compensation expense for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009, and 2008, respectively. The 2010 increase in stock compensation is partially due to the increased number of options granted during the year and the related expense for the year associated with such grants. A portion of the options granted had an extended vesting term as a long-term incentive for Liberty officers. Additionally, the 2010 increase was partially due to the settlement of PSARs at Starz Entertainment held by the founder and former CEO. The fluctuations in stock compensation expense in 2009 related to our SARs and Starz Entertainment's PSAR plans and are due to changes in our stock prices and the value of Starz Entertainment and to the vesting of Starz Entertainment PSARs. As of December 31, 2010, the total unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested Liberty equity awards was approximately $191 million. Such amount will be recognized in our consolidated statements of operations over a weighted average period of approximately 2.5 years.
Included in earnings from discontinued operations for the year ended December 31, 2009 is $55 million of stock-based compensation related to stock options and restricted stock, the vesting of which was accelerated in connection with the closing of the DTV Business Combination.
Impairment of long-lived assets. No significant impairments were recorded in 2010 and 2009.
In December 2008, we performed our annual evaluation of the recoverability of our goodwill and other indefinite lived intangible assets. We compared the estimated fair value of each reporting unit to its carrying value, including goodwill (the "Step 1 Test"). In our Step 1 Test, we estimated the fair value of each of our reporting units using a combination of discounted cash flows and market-based valuation methodologies. For those reporting units whose estimated fair value exceeded the carrying value, no further testwork was required and no impairment was recorded. For those reporting units whose carrying value exceeded the fair value, a second test was required to measure the impairment loss (the "Step 2 Test"). In the Step 2 Test, the fair value of the reporting unit was allocated to all of the assets and liabilities of the reporting unit with any residual value being allocated to goodwill. The difference between such allocated amount and the carrying value of the goodwill was recorded as an impairment charge. In connection with our analysis, we recorded the following impairment charges (amounts in millions):
Starz Entertainment |
$ | 1,239 | ||
Starz Media |
192 | |||
Other |
138 | |||
|
$ | 1,569 | ||
While Starz Entertainment had increasing revenue and Adjusted OIBDA in the years leading up to the 2008 test, it failed the Step 1 Test due to lower future growth expectations and the compression of market multiples. In performing the Step 2 Test, Starz Entertainment allocated a significant portion of its estimated fair value to amortizable intangibles such as affiliation agreements and trade names which have little or no carrying value. The resulting residual goodwill was significantly less than its carrying value. Accordingly, Starz Entertainment recorded an impairment charge. The impairment loss for Starz Media was due primarily to a lowered long-term forecast for its home video distribution reporting unit resulting from the poor economic conditions in 2008.
Operating income. We generated consolidated operating income of $1,303 million and $1,050 million in 2010 and 2009, respectively, and a consolidated operating loss of $758 million in 2008. The operating loss in 2008 is largely due to the $1,569 million of impairment charges discussed above.
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Other Income and Expense
Components of Other Income (Expense) are presented in the table below: The attribution of these items to our tracking stock groups assumes the Reclassification had occurred as of January 1, 2008.
|
Years ended December 31, | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2010 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||||
|
amounts in millions |
||||||||||||
Interest expense |
|||||||||||||
Interactive Group |
$ | (582 | ) | (496 | ) | (473 | ) | ||||||
Starz Group |
(2 | ) | (2 | ) | (22 | ) | |||||||
Capital Group |
(63 | ) | (130 | ) | (172 | ) | |||||||
Consolidated Liberty |
$ | (647 | ) | (628 | ) | (667 | ) | ||||||
Dividend and interest income |
|||||||||||||
Interactive Group |
$ | 4 | 8 | 22 | |||||||||
Starz Group |
2 | 2 | 16 | ||||||||||
Capital Group |
86 | 115 | 136 | ||||||||||
Consolidated Liberty |
$ | 92 | 125 | 174 | |||||||||
Share of earnings (losses) of affiliates |
|||||||||||||
Interactive Group |
$ | 114 | (14 | ) | (1,192 | ) | |||||||
Starz Group |
| (10 | ) | (7 | ) | ||||||||
Capital Group |
(64 | ) | (34 | ) | (64 | ) | |||||||
Consolidated Liberty |
$ | 50 | (58 | ) | (1,263 | ) | |||||||
Realized and unrealized gains (losses) on financial instruments, net |
|||||||||||||
Interactive Group |
$ | (28 | ) | (121 | ) | (240 | ) | ||||||
Starz Group |
(2 | ) | 8 | 272 | |||||||||
Capital Group |
262 | (42 | ) | (292 | ) | ||||||||
Consolidated Liberty |
$ | 232 | (155 | ) | (260 | ) | |||||||
Gains (losses) on dispositions, net |
|||||||||||||
Interactive Group |
$ | 533 | 42 | 2 | |||||||||
Starz Group |
(2 | ) | 27 | (3 | ) | ||||||||
Capital Group |
38 | 215 | 16 | ||||||||||
Consolidated Liberty |
$ | 569 | 284 | 15 | |||||||||
Other than temporary declines in fair value of investments |
|||||||||||||
Interactive Group |
$ | | | (440 | ) | ||||||||
Starz Group |
| | | ||||||||||
Capital Group |
| (9 | ) | (1 | ) | ||||||||
Consolidated Liberty |
$ | | (9 | ) | (441 | ) | |||||||
Other, net |
|||||||||||||
Interactive Group |
$ | (48 | ) | 7 | 177 | ||||||||
Starz Group |
2 | (6 | ) | (12 | ) | ||||||||
Capital Group |
5 | 11 | 4 | ||||||||||
Consolidated Liberty |
$ | (41 | ) | 12 | 169 | ||||||||
Interest expense. Consolidated interest expense increased 3.0% and decreased 5.8% for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively, as compared to the corresponding prior year. The
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increase in 2010 is due to the addition of longer term debt with higher interest rates replacing shorter term debt primarily at QVC. We note the change in interest expense between the groups was the result of the February Reattribution whereas longer term debt was moved to the Interactive Group from the Capital Group. The decrease in 2009 is due to retirements of Liberty public debt, partially offset by higher interest rates on the QVC debt.
Dividend and interest income. Interest income decreased in 2010 and 2009 primarily due to lower invested cash balances and lower interest rates.
Share of earnings (losses) of affiliates. The following table presents our share of earnings (losses) of affiliates:
|
Years ended December 31, | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2010 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||
|
amounts in millions |
||||||||||
Interactive Group |
|||||||||||
Expedia |
$ | 103 | 72 | (726 | ) | ||||||
Other |
11 | (86 | ) | (466 | ) | ||||||
Starz Group |
|||||||||||
Other |
| (10 | ) | (7 | ) | ||||||
Capital Group |
|||||||||||
SIRIUS XM |
(41 | ) | (28 | ) | | ||||||
Other |
(23 | ) | (6 | ) | (64 | ) | |||||
|
$ | 50 | (58 | ) | (1,263 | ) | |||||
When we applied our initial equity method accounting on the SIRIUS XM investment, our basis in the investment was different than the underlying equity in the net assets of SIRIUS XM. As a result, we established an excess basis account and allocated the differences to certain fair value adjustments to the outstanding debt (at the time of our initial investment) and certain intangible assets. Even though SIRIUS XM had net income during the current year the amortization of the excess basis resulted in us recording share of losses. In the third quarter of 2010 these share of losses were accelerated as SIRIUS XM refinanced certain debt which had an associated discount recorded in our excess basis account. As SIRIUS XM repays certain debt issuances where we have established debt discounts, the extinguishment typically results in a loss on the retirement of our excess basis account.
Our share of earnings of Expedia increased in 2009 due to impairment charges recorded by Expedia in the fourth quarter of 2008. In response to the impairment charges taken by Expedia, we wrote off our excess basis in Expedia in the amount of $119 million. Such charge is included in our 2008 share of losses of Expedia. Our 2008 share of losses for the Interactive Group also includes other than temporary impairment charges of $136 million related to Interval, $242 million related to Ticketmaster and $85 million related to HSN.
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Realized and unrealized gains (losses) on financial instruments. Realized and unrealized gains (losses) on financial instruments are comprised of changes in the fair value of the following:
|
Years ended December 31, | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2010 | 2009 | 2008 | |||||||
|
amounts in millions |
|||||||||
Non-strategic Securities(1)(4)(5) |
$ | 669 | 1,074 | (2,882 | ) | |||||
Exchangeable senior debentures(2)(4) |
(257 | ) | (856 | ) | 1,509 | |||||
Equity collars(4) |
(2 | ) | (132 | ) | 870 | |||||
Borrowed shares(4)(5) |
(254 | ) | (301 | ) | 791 | |||||
Other derivatives(3) |
76 | 60 | (548 | ) | ||||||
|
$ | 232 | (155 | ) | (260 | ) | ||||
Gains (losses) on dispositions. In December of 2010 we exchanged our ownership interest in IAC for a subsidiary of IAC that owns Evite and Gifts.com along with $218 million in cash which were attributed to the Interactive Group. This exchange resulted in the recognition of $165 million in gain on disposition. In the first quarter of 2010 Ticketmaster and Live Nation merged whereby our ownership interest decreased from 29% in Ticketmaster to approximately 15% in the new entity Live Nation Entertainment, Inc. The transaction was recorded at fair value and a gain of $178 million was recorded. Additionally, in the first quarter of 2010 QVC disposed of its investment in GSI Commerce for a gain of $105 million. The Capital Group's 2009 gains from dispositions are due primarily to (i) the sale of our interest in WildBlue Communications Corp. to ViaSat, Inc. ($128 million) and our transactions with SIRIUS XM ($85 million).
See notes 7 and 8 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for a discussion of the foregoing transactions.
Other than temporary declines in fair value of investments. During 2009 and 2008, we determined that certain of our cost investments experienced other than temporary declines in value. As a result, the cost bases of such investments were adjusted to their respective fair values based primarily on quoted market prices at the date each adjustment was deemed necessary. These adjustments are reflected as other than temporary declines in fair value of investments in our consolidated statements of operations. Our 2008 other than temporary declines for the Interactive Group related to our investment in IAC.
Income taxes. We had pre-tax income from continuing operations of $1,558 million and $621 million and a tax benefit of $379 million and $16 million in 2010 and 2009, respectively. Our
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effective tax rate was 24.5% in 2008. The 2010 tax benefit was primarily due to three significant changes in deferred taxes as follows:
The 2010 matters are currently being reviewed by the IRS under the CAP (Compliance Assurance Process) program. We believe the positions that we have taken, with respect to these matters, are appropriate but there can be no assurance that we would prevail if the IRS were to dispute our treatment of these matters.
In 2009, due to the completion of audits with taxing authorities, we recognized previously unrecognized tax benefits of $201 million.
Our 2008 effective tax rate was lower than the U.S. federal income tax rate of 35% due primarily to the impairment of goodwill which is not deductible for income tax purposes.
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Net earnings. Our net earnings were $1,937 million, $6,501 million and $3,523 million for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively, and were the result of the above-described fluctuations in our revenue and expenses. In addition, we recognized earnings from discontinued operations of $5,864 million and $5,812 million for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2008, respectively. Our 2009 earnings from discontinued operations include a $5,927 million gain that we recognized in connection with the LEI Split-Off and DTV Business Combination. Earnings from discontinued operations in 2008 includes a $3,665 million gain and a $1,791 million tax benefit related to our exchange of our News Corporation investment for certain assets and businesses of News Corporation.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
While the Interactive Group, the Starz Group and the Capital Group are not separate legal entities and the assets and liabilities attributed to each group remain assets and liabilities of our consolidated company, we manage the liquidity and financial resources of each group separately. Keeping in mind that assets of one group may be used to satisfy liabilities of one of the other groups, the following discussion assumes, consistent with management expectations, that future liquidity needs of each group will be funded by the financial resources attributed to each respective group.
As of December 31, 2010, substantially all of our cash and cash equivalents are invested in U.S. Treasury securities, other government securities or government guaranteed funds, AAA rated money market funds and other highly rated commercial paper.
The following are potential sources of liquidity for each group to the extent the identified asset or transaction has been attributed to such group: available cash balances, cash generated by the operating activities of our privately-owned subsidiaries (to the extent such cash exceeds the working capital needs of the subsidiaries and is not otherwise restricted), proceeds from asset sales, monetization of our public investment portfolio (including derivatives), debt and equity issuances, and dividend and interest receipts.
Standard & Poor's Ratings Services and Moody's Investors Services each lowered their rating on our corporate credit in previous periods. These rating services put our corporate ratings on credit watch with developing implications and possible downgrade, respectively, following the Company's proposed split-off announcement in June of 2010. In the event we need to obtain external debt financing at the corporate level, such possible downgrades could negatively impact our ability to obtain financing at the corporate level and could increase the cost of any financing we are able to obtain.
Consolidated Liberty. As of December 31, 2010 Liberty had a cash balance of $3,179 million along with additional sources of liquidity of $509 million in short term marketable securities and $2,212 million of unpledged non-strategic available-for-sale securities. To the extent the Company recognizes any taxable gains from the sale of assets we may incur tax expense and be required to make tax payments, thereby reducing any cash proceeds. Further, our operating businesses have provided, on average, more than $1 billion in operating cash flow over the prior three years and we do not anticipate any significant reductions in that amount in future years.
The projected uses of Liberty cash are the costs to service outstanding debt, continued capital improvement spending and the potential buyback of common stock under the approved share buyback programs. Additionally, we may make investments in existing or new businesses, however, we do not have any investment commitments at this time. We expect that we will be able to use a combination of cash on hand, cash from operations and other liquid sources to fund future cash needs of Liberty.
Interactive Group. During the year ended December 31, 2010, the Interactive Group's primary uses of cash were $5,107 million of debt repayments, including the repayment of $316 million in intergroup notes and $258 million of capital expenditures. These uses of cash were funded primarily with $1,905 million of borrowings under the new QVC bank facility, $1,000 million from the issuance of
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QVC bonds, $1,256 million of cash provided by operating activities (including a $501 million noninterest bearing cash deposit returned from GE Money Bank (discussed below) and net of $162 million of intercompany tax payments to the Capital Group), $807 million of cash reattributed from the Capital Group and $459 million of cash proceeds from the disposition of certain investments. Additionally, the exchange of our ownership interest in IAC for a subsidiary of IAC added $218 million of cash to the Interactive Group. As of December 31, 2010, the Interactive Group had a cash balance of $1,089 million.
Effective August 2, 2010, upon the expiration of the existing contract, QVC entered into a new agreement with GE Money Bank, who provides revolving credit directly to QVC customers solely for the purchase of merchandise from QVC. Under the new agreement QVC receives a portion of the economics from the credit card program according to percentages that vary with the performance of the portfolio. The new agreement, which will expire in August 2015, is substantially different than the expired agreement between the parties. QVC estimates operating income (and adjusted OIBDA) would have been negatively impacted by approximately $20-25 million per year over the previous three years based on the terms of the new contract as compared to the expired contract. QVC also recovered its noninterest bearing cash deposit maintained in connection with the prior arrangement in the amount of $501 million. This deposit had previously been recorded as a component of accounts receivable. QVC's liquidity and capital resources have been significantly strengthened due to this increase in cash. As a result, QVC expects the overall net economics of the new agreement will not have a material negative impact to its cash flows as the cash from the arrangement was used to lower interest costs by paying down a portion of its outstanding bank facility.
Additionally, during the third quarter of 2010 QVC entered into a new credit agreement which provides for a $2 billion revolving credit facility, with a $250 million sub-limit for standby letters of credit. Proceeds drawn under the new facility were used to repay outstanding indebtedness under the previous bank facilities which are no longer outstanding.
The projected uses of Interactive Group cash for 2011 include approximately $380 million for interest payments on QVC and parent debt attributed to the Interactive Group, capital expenditures of approximately $330 million and additional tax payments. In addition, we may make repurchases of Liberty Interactive common stock and additional investments in existing or new businesses and attribute such investments to the Interactive Group. We do not have any commitments to make new investments at this time.
We expect that the Interactive Group will fund its 2011 cash needs with cash reattributed in the TWX Reattribution, cash on hand and cash provided by operating activities. In addition, at December 31, 2010, unused capacity under the QVC Bank Credit Facility aggregated $1,215 million.
QVC was in compliance with its debt covenants as of December 31, 2010 and based on current projections we do not see any compliance issues in the foreseeable future.
Starz Group. During the year ended December 31, 2010, the Starz Group's primary uses of cash were investments in marketable securities of $243 million, the payment of $196 million associated with stock-based compensation, including $150 million to settle PSARs held by the founder and former CEO of Starz Entertainment, and the repurchases of Liberty Starz common stock for $40 million. The uses of cash were funded by a repayment of the outstanding intergroup loan of $158 million by the Interactive Group and cash from operations. As of December 31, 2010, the Starz Group had a cash balance of $878 million.
The projected uses of Starz Group cash in 2011 include additional investments in original programming and tax payments to the Capital Group. In addition, we may make additional repurchases of Liberty Starz common stock and additional investments in existing or new businesses and attribute such investments to the Starz Group. However, we do not have any significant commitments to make
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new investments at this time. We expect that we will be able to use a combination of cash on hand, cash from operations and short term marketable securities to fund Starz Group cash needs in 2011.
Capital Group. During the year ended December 31, 2010, the Capital Group's primary uses of cash were the repayment of $1,015 million in outstanding debt primarily the derivative loans, $843 million of cash reattributed to the Interactive and Starz Groups, $714 million in Liberty Capital tracking stock repurchases, $704 million of additional investments in cost investments, equity method affiliates and short-term marketable securities and income tax payments of $461 million. In October 2010, we reached a settlement with the IRS with respect to certain disputed items reported on our 2009 income tax return. In 2009, we settled various variable share forward sale contracts relating to Sprint and Century Link shares using borrowed shares. We received $177 million when we entered into those contracts in 2001 and $1,180 million in connection with the settlement of such contracts in 2009. We treated the settlement as an open transaction and deferred approximately $1,203 million in gain for tax purposes. For financial statement purposes, we recorded approximately $421 million in current deferred federal income taxes as a result of the settlement. In connection with its review of our 2009 tax return the IRS questioned whether the gain realized on the settlement of the forward sale contracts should be deferred. In October 2010 we and the IRS reached an agreement with respect to this issue. Pursuant to that agreement we made federal income tax payments totaling approximately $210 million. We have settled other derivative positions in the same manner and we may be required to make tax payments associated with these transactions if we are required to unwind share borrowing arrangements or if it were determined that the delivery of borrowed shares to settle derivative instruments was not effective to defer the recognition of taxable gain for federal income tax purposes. We have recorded current deferred tax liabilities associated with these borrowed share settlements of approximately $760 million as of December 31, 2010.
The uses of cash, described above, were funded by cash on hand, cash proceeds of $751 million from the settlement of derivatives and the repayment of the outstanding intergroup loan of $158 million by the Interactive Group.
The projected uses of Capital Group cash for 2011 include the reattribution of approximately $264 million to the Interactive Group as a result of the TWX Reattribution, interest payments of approximately $40 million, repurchases of Liberty Capital common stock under the approved share repurchase program and federal and state tax payments. In addition we may make investments in existing or new businesses and attribute such investments to the Capital Group. We do not have any commitments to make new investments at this time, except for the commitment to purchase an additional 5.5 million shares of Live Nation for approximately $57.7 million.
We expect that the Capital Group's cash needs will be funded with a combination of cash on hand, net tax payments from the Interactive Group and the Starz Group and dispositions of non-strategic assets. At December 31, 2010, the Capital Group's sources of liquidity include $1,212 million in cash along with $334 million in short term marketable securities and $2,212 million of unpledged non-strategic AFS securities. To the extent the Capital Group recognizes any taxable gains from the sale of assets we may incur current tax expense and be required to make tax payments, thereby reducing any cash proceeds attributable to the Capital Group.
See note 19 to the accompanying consolidated financial statements for further discussion of our commitments and contingencies.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements and Aggregate Contractual Obligations
Starz Group
The following contingencies and obligations have been attributed to the Starz Group:
Starz has entered into agreements with a number of motion picture producers which obligate Starz to pay fees ("Programming Fees") for the rights to exhibit certain films that are released by these
II-21
producers. The unpaid balance under agreements for film rights related to films that were available for exhibition by Starz at December 31, 2010 is reflected as a liability in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. The balance due as of December 31, 2010 is payable as follows: $50 million in 2011 and $3 million in 2012.
Starz has also contracted to pay Programming Fees for the rights to exhibit films that have been released theatrically, but are not available for exhibition by Starz until some future date. These amounts have not been accrued at December 31, 2010. In addition, Starz has agreed to pay Sony Pictures Entertainment ("Sony") (i) a total of $190 million in four equal annual installments beginning in 2011 for a contract extension through 2014, and (ii) total of $120 million in three equal annual installments beginning in 2015 for a new output agreement. Starz's estimate of amounts payable under these agreements is as follows: $493 million in 2011; $118 million in 2012; $81 million in 2013; $67 million in 2014; $55 million in 2015 and $90 million thereafter.
In addition, Starz is obligated to pay Programming Fees for all qualifying films that are released theatrically in the United States by studios owned by The Walt Disney Company ("Disney") through 2015 and all qualifying films that are released theatrically in the United States by studios owned by Sony through 2016. Films are generally available to Starz for exhibition 9 - 12 months after their theatrical release. The Programming Fees to be paid by Starz are based on the quantity and domestic theatrical exhibition receipts of qualifying films. As these films have not yet been released in theatres, Starz is unable to estimate the amounts to be paid under these output agreements. However, such amounts are expected to be significant.
Liberty guarantees Starz's film licensing obligations under certain of its studio output agreements. At December 31, 2010, Liberty's guarantees for studio output obligations for films released by such date aggregated $653 million. While the guarantee amount for films not yet released is not determinable, such amount is expected to be significant. As noted above, Starz has recognized the liability for a portion of its obligations under the output agreements. As this represents a direct commitment of Starz, a consolidated subsidiary of ours, we have not recorded a separate indirect liability for our guarantees of these obligations.
Capital Group
The Atlanta Braves have entered into long-term employment contracts with certain of their players and coaches whereby such individuals' compensation is guaranteed. Amounts due under guaranteed contracts as of December 31, 2010 aggregated $200 million, which is payable as follows: $83 million in 2011, $71 million in 2012, $20 million in 2013, $13 million in 2014 and $13 million in 2015. In addition to the foregoing amounts, certain players and coaches may earn incentive compensation under the terms of their employment contracts.
Capital Group, Starz Group and Interactive Group
In connection with agreements for the sale of assets by our company, we may retain liabilities that relate to events occurring prior to the sale, such as tax, environmental, litigation and employment matters. We generally indemnify the purchaser in the event that a third party asserts a claim against the purchaser that relates to a liability retained by us. These types of indemnification obligations may extend for a number of years. We are unable to estimate the maximum potential liability for these types of indemnification obligations as the sale agreements may not specify a maximum amount and the amounts are dependent upon the outcome of future contingent events, the nature and likelihood of which cannot be determined at this time. Historically, we have not made any significant indemnification payments under such agreements and no amount has been accrued in the accompanying consolidated financial statements with respect to these indemnification obligations.
We have contingent liabilities related to legal and tax proceedings and other matters arising in the ordinary course of business. Although it is reasonably possible we may incur losses upon conclusion of such matters, an estimate of any loss or range of loss cannot be made. In the opinion of management, it is expected that amounts, if any, which may be required to satisfy such contingencies will not be material in relation to the accompanying consolidated financial statements.
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Information concerning the amount and timing of required payments, both accrued and off-balance sheet, under our contractual obligations is summarized below. This table has been prepared as of December 31, 2010, and does not reflect any impacts of the TWX Reattribution.
|
Payments due by period | ||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Total | Less than 1 year | 2 - 3 years | 4 - 5 years | After 5 years |
||||||||||||
|
amounts in millions |
||||||||||||||||
Attributed Starz Group contractual obligations |
|||||||||||||||||
Long-term debt(1) |
$ |
105 |
37 |
36 |
10 |
22 |
|||||||||||
Interest payments(2) |
15 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 3 | ||||||||||||
Programming Fees(3) |
904 | 493 | 199 | 122 | 90 | ||||||||||||
Operating lease obligations |
31 | 6 | 11 | 9 | 5 | ||||||||||||
Purchase orders and other obligations |
131 | 50 | 31 | 20 | 30 | ||||||||||||
Total Starz Group |
1,186 | 590 | 282 | 164 | 150 | ||||||||||||
Attributed Capital Group contractual obligations |
|||||||||||||||||
Long-term debt(1) |
1,888 |
|
750 |
|
1,138 |
||||||||||||
Interest payments(2) |
439 | 40 | 72 | 72 | 255 | ||||||||||||
Long-term financial instruments |
8 | | 8 | | | ||||||||||||
Operating lease obligations |
47 | 6 | 12 | 10 | 19 | ||||||||||||
Purchase orders and other obligations |
217 | 93 | 96 | 28 | | ||||||||||||
Total Capital Group |
2,599 | 139 | 938 | 110 | 1,412 | ||||||||||||
Attributed Interactive Group contractual obligations |
|||||||||||||||||
Long-term debt(1) |
5,939 |
45 |
348 |
802 |
4,744 |
||||||||||||
Interest payments(2) |
4,133 | 380 | 700 | 603 | 2,450 | ||||||||||||
Long-term financial instruments |
86 | | 86 | | | ||||||||||||
Operating lease obligations |
281 | 32 | 56 | 38 | 155 | ||||||||||||
Purchase orders and other obligations |
1,337 | 1,289 | 34 | 14 | | ||||||||||||
Total Interactive Group |
11,776 | 1,746 | 1,224 | 1,457 | 7,349 | ||||||||||||
Consolidated contractual obligations |
|||||||||||||||||
Long-term debt(1) |
7,932 |
82 |
1,134 |
812 |
5,904 |
||||||||||||
Interest payments(2) |
4,587 | 424 | 777 | 678 | 2,708 | ||||||||||||
Programming Fees(3) |
904 | 493 | 199 | 122 | 90 | ||||||||||||
Long-term financial instruments |
94 | | 94 | | | ||||||||||||
Operating lease obligations |
359 | 44 | 79 | 57 | 179 | ||||||||||||
Purchase orders and other obligations |
1,685 | 1,432 | 161 | 62 | 30 | ||||||||||||
Total consolidated |
$ | 15,561 | 2,475 | 2,444 | 1,731 | 8,911 | |||||||||||
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Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In September 2009, the Financial Accounting Standards Boards amended the Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") as summarized in Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2009-14, Software (Topic 985): Certain Revenue Arrangements That Include Software Elements, and ASU 2009-13, Revenue Recognition (Topic 605): Multiple-Deliverable Revenue Arrangements. As summarized in ASU 2009-14, ASC Topic 985 has been amended to remove from the scope of industry specific revenue accounting guidance for software and software related transactions, tangible products containing software components and non-software components that function together to deliver the product's essential functionality. As summarized in ASU 2009-13, ASC Topic 605 has been amended (1) to provide updated guidance on whether multiple deliverables exist, how the deliverables in an arrangement should be separated, and the consideration allocated; (2) to require an entity to allocate revenue in an arrangement using estimated selling prices of deliverables if a vendor does not have vendor-specific objective evidence or third-party evidence of selling price; and (3) to eliminate the use of the residual method and require an entity to allocate revenue using the relative selling price method. The accounting changes summarized in ASU 2009-14 and ASU 2009-13 are effective for fiscal years beginning on or after June 15, 2010, with early adoption permitted. Adoption may either be on a prospective basis or by retrospective application.
We do not believe the impact of these changes will be material upon the initial adoption of the provisions as we have decided to adopt the new revenue recognition rules on a prospective basis. We note that in February of 2011 our subsidiary, TruePosition, Inc., signed an amended contract that materially changed the terms of the existing AT&T contract. Due to the transition provisions of the new revenue recognition rules a contract that is materially modified is subject to the new accounting standards. Therefore, we are currently analyzing the impacts of the material modification and believe that we may be required to recognize a significant portion of deferred revenue and deferred cost associated with that contract in the first quarter of 2011, under the new provisions. As of December 31, 2010, deferred revenue and deferred cost under the AT&T arrangement were $576 million and $168 million, respectively.
Critical Accounting Estimates
The preparation of our financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Listed below are the accounting estimates that we believe are critical to our financial statements due to the degree of uncertainty regarding the estimates or assumptions involved and the magnitude of the asset, liability, revenue or expense being reported. All of these accounting estimates and assumptions, as well as the resulting impact to our financial statements, have been discussed with our audit committee.
Fair Value Measurements
Financial Instruments. We record a number of assets and liabilities in our consolidated balance sheet at fair value on a recurring basis, including available-for-sale ("AFS") securities, financial instruments and our exchangeable senior debentures. GAAP provides a hierarchy that prioritizes inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three broad levels. Level 1 inputs are quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date. We use quoted market prices, or Level 1 inputs, to value substantially all our AFS securities. As of December 31, 2010, the carrying value of our AFS securities
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was $4,541 million. As of December 31, 2010, the carrying value of our financial instrument liabilities was $1,358 million. We used quoted market prices in active markets to determine the fair value of $1,219 million of these financial instruments therefore, they fall in Level 1.
Level 2 inputs are inputs, other than quoted market prices included within Level 1, that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. We use quoted market prices to determine the fair value of our exchangeable senior debentures. However, these debentures are not traded on active markets as defined in GAAP, so these liabilities fall in Level 2. As of December 31, 2010, the principal amount and carrying value of our exchangeable debentures were $3,098 million and $2,506 million, respectively.
Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for an asset or liability. We currently have no Level 3 financial instrument assets or liabilities.
Non-Financial Instruments. Our non-financial instrument valuations are primarily comprised of our annual assessment of the recoverability of our goodwill and other nonamortizable intangibles, such as trademarks and our evaluation of the recoverability of our other long-lived assets upon certain triggering events. If the carrying value of our long-lived assets exceeds their undiscounted cash flows, we are required to write the carrying value down to fair value. Any such writedown is included in impairment of long-lived assets in our consolidated statement of operations. A high degree of judgment is required to estimate the fair value of our long-lived assets. We may use quoted market prices, prices for similar assets, present value techniques and other valuation techniques to prepare these estimates. We may need to make estimates of future cash flows and discount rates as well as other assumptions in order to implement these valuation techniques. In addition, when the equity market capitalization of one of our tracking stock groups is lower than our estimate of the aggregate fair value of the reporting units attributable to such tracking stock group, we reconcile such difference to further support the carrying value of our long-lived assets. Due to the high degree of judgment involved in our estimation techniques, any value ultimately derived from our long-lived assets may differ from our estimate of fair value. As each of our operating segments has long-lived assets, this critical accounting policy affects the financial position and results of operations of each segment.
As of December 31, 2010, the intangible assets not subject to amortization for each of our significant reporting units was as follows:
|
Goodwill | Trademarks | Other | Total | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
amounts in millions |
||||||||||||
QVC |
$ | 5,363 | 2,428 | | 7,791 | ||||||||
Starz, LLC |
132 | | | 132 | |||||||||
Other |
820 | 85 | 153 | 1,058 | |||||||||
Consolidated |
$ | 6,315 | 2,513 | 153 | 8,981 | ||||||||
We perform our annual assessment of the recoverability of our goodwill and other nonamortizable intangible assets as of December 31, except for ANLBC which is evaluated as of October 31. With respect to QVC, we performed the Step 1 Test using a discounted cash flow analysis prepared as of December 31, 2010. The cash flow projections (the "2010 Cash Flow Projections") used in our analysis were prepared by QVC management and represent management's estimate of the future cash flows to be generated by QVC's operations during 2011 through 2015 (Years 1-5). For the 5 years ended December 31, 2010, QVC's revenue grew at a compound annual growth rate of approximately 3.7%, including growth of 6.2% in 2010. Similarly, QVC's Adjusted OIBDA grew at a compound annual growth rate of approximately 3.4% for the 5 years ended December 31, 2010, including decreases of .2% in 2007 and 9.2% in 2008. Given the continued improving trends in the economy during 2010, as well as QVC's expansion of its international operations into new markets, the 2010 Cash Flow Projections include growth rates which are higher than QVC's recent historical growth rates and slightly
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higher than the growth rates used in the 2009 cash flow projections. The growth rates used in the 2010 Cash Flow Projections are considered by management to be appropriate and reflect the current state of the domestic and world wide economies. The 2010 Cash Flow Projections include many assumptions, including the continuation of an economic recovery and the impact of any such recovery on QVC's operations. In this regard, the 2010 Cash Flow Projections are based on the economy continuing to stabilize in 2011 and return to historical levels in future years.
The projected cash flows for QVC's U.S. business were discounted using a discount rate of 13.3%. Such rate was derived using a weighted average cost of capital approach and compares to a 13.4% rate that was used in 2009. Such decrease is primarily driven by a lower risk-free rate. The discount rates for QVC's international businesses were adjusted to reflect the appropriate risk of operating in international regions and were each slightly higher than the discount rates used in 2009 due to the country specific risks. Terminal growth rates after Year 5 consider the above noted factors for the initial five years forecasted cash flows and forecasted CPI increases.
We also used a market approach to validate the fair value of QVC determined by our discounted cash flow analysis. In our market approach, we identified publicly traded companies whose business and financial risks are comparable to those of QVC. We then compared the market values of those companies to the calculated value of QVC. We also identified recent sales of companies in lines of business similar to QVC and compared the sales prices in those transactions to the calculated value of QVC. The range of values determined in our market approach corroborated the value calculated in our discounted cash flow analysis for QVC.
The estimated fair value of QVC determined in the foregoing Step 1 Test was clearly in excess of our carrying value for QVC, and accordingly no Step 2 Test was performed and no impairment charge was recorded. We note that if our fair value estimate for QVC was 10% lower, we would still not have triggered a Step 1 failure and no impairment charge would be taken.
The foregoing impairment test requires a high degree of judgment with respect to estimates of future cash flows and discount rates as well as other assumptions. Therefore, any value ultimately derived from QVC may differ from our estimate of fair value. Further if the retail environment continues to experience recessionary pressures for an extended period of time, our cash flow projections will need to be revised downward and we could have impairment charges in the future. In this regard, we estimate that if we were to use a compound annual growth rate for QVC's revenue that was as much as 45% lower than the rate currently used in the 2010 Cash Flow Projections and that QVC achieved the margins assumed in the 2010 Cash Flow Projections, we would still not fail the Step 1 Test and would not be required to perform the Step 2 Test to measure any impairment of QVC's goodwill.
Carrying Value of Investments. We periodically evaluate our investments to determine if decreases in fair value below our cost bases are other than temporary. If a decline in fair value is determined to be other than temporary, we are required to reflect such decline in our consolidated statement of operations. Other than temporary declines in fair value of our cost investments are recognized on a separate line in our consolidated statement of operations, and other than temporary declines in fair value of our equity method investments are included in share of losses of affiliates in our consolidated statement of operations.
The primary factors we consider in our determination of whether declines in fair value are other than temporary are the length of time that the fair value of the investment is below our carrying value; the severity of the decline; and the financial condition, operating performance and near term prospects of the investee. In addition, we consider the reason for the decline in fair value, be it general market conditions, industry specific or investee specific; analysts' ratings and estimates of 12 month share price targets for the investee; changes in stock price or valuation subsequent to the balance sheet date; and our intent and ability to hold the investment for a period of time sufficient to allow for a recovery in
II-26
fair value. Fair value of our publicly traded cost investments is based on the market prices of the investments at the balance sheet date. We estimate the fair value of our other cost and equity investments using a variety of methodologies, including cash flow multiples, discounted cash flow, per subscriber values, or values of comparable public or private businesses. Impairments are calculated as the difference between our carrying value and our estimate of fair value. As our assessment of the fair value of our investments and any resulting impairment losses and the timing of when to recognize such charges requires a high degree of judgment and includes significant estimates and assumptions, actual results could differ materially from our estimates and assumptions.
Our evaluation of the fair value of our investments and any resulting impairment charges are made as of the most recent balance sheet date. Changes in fair value subsequent to the balance sheet date due to the factors described above are possible. Subsequent decreases in fair value will be recognized in our consolidated statement of operations in the period in which they occur to the extent such decreases are deemed to be other than temporary. Subsequent increases in fair value will be recognized in our consolidated statement of operations only upon our ultimate disposition of the investment.
Retail Related Adjustments and Allowances. QVC records adjustments and allowances for sales returns, inventory obsolescence and uncollectible receivables. Each of these adjustments is estimated based on historical experience. Sales returns are calculated as a percent of sales and are netted against revenue in our consolidated statement of operations. For the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, sales returns represented 18.9%, 18.7% and 19.8% of QVC's gross product revenue, respectively. The inventory obsolescence reserve is calculated as a percent of QVC's inventory at the end of a reporting period based on among other factors, the average inventory balance for the preceding 12 months and historical experience with liquidated inventory. The change in the reserve is included in cost of goods sold in our consolidated statements of operations. At December 31, 2010, QVC's inventory is $939 million, which is net of the obsolescence adjustment of $103 million. QVC's allowance for doubtful accounts is calculated as a percent of accounts receivable at the end of a reporting period, and the change in such allowance is recorded as bad debt expense in our consolidated statements of operations. At December 31, 2010, QVC's trade accounts receivable are $856 million, net of the allowance for doubtful accounts of $66 million. Each of these estimates requires management judgment and may not reflect actual results.
Income Taxes. We are required to estimate the amount of tax payable or refundable for the current year and the deferred income tax liabilities and assets for the future tax consequences of events that have been reflected in our financial statements or tax returns for each taxing jurisdiction in which we operate. This process requires our management to make judgments regarding the timing and probability of the ultimate tax impact of the various agreements and transactions that we enter into. Based on these judgments we may record tax reserves or adjustments to valuation allowances on deferred tax assets to reflect the expected realizability of future tax benefits. Actual income taxes could vary from these estimates due to future changes in income tax law, significant changes in the jurisdictions in which we operate, our inability to generate sufficient future taxable income or unpredicted results from the final determination of each year's liability by taxing authorities. These changes could have a significant impact on our financial position.
Interactive Group
At December 31, 2010, the Interactive Group consists of our subsidiaries QVC, Provide, Backcountry, Bodybuilding and Celebrate, our interests in Expedia, HSN, Interval and Tree.com and $3,075 million principal amount (as of December 31, 2010) of our publicly-traded debt.
The following discussion and analysis provides information concerning the results of operations of the Interactive Group. This discussion should be read in conjunction with (1) our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and (2) the Unaudited Attributed Financial Information for Tracking Stock Groups filed as Exhibit 99.1 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
II-27
Results of Operations
|
Years ended December 31, | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2010 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||
|
amounts in millions |
||||||||||
Revenue |
|||||||||||
QVC |
$ | 7,807 | 7,352 | 7,285 | |||||||
e-commerce businesses |
1,125 | 953 | 794 | ||||||||
Corporate and other |
| | | ||||||||
|
$ | 8,932 | 8,305 | 8,079 | |||||||
Adjusted OIBDA |
|||||||||||
QVC |
$ | 1,671 | 1,556 | 1,494 | |||||||
e-commerce businesses |
103 | 112 | 79 | ||||||||
Corporate and other |
(28 | ) | (14 | ) | (18 | ) | |||||
|
$ | 1,746 | 1,654 | 1,555 | |||||||
Operating Income (Loss) |
|||||||||||
QVC |
$ | 1,130 | 1,014 | 951 | |||||||
e-commerce businesses |
40 | 54 | (24 | ) | |||||||
Corporate and other |
(62 | ) | (27 | ) | (21 | ) | |||||
|
$ | 1,108 | 1,041 | 906 | |||||||
Operating Results by Business
QVC. QVC is a retailer of a wide range of consumer products, which are marketed and sold primarily by merchandise-focused televised shopping programs and via the Internet. In the United States, QVC's live programming is distributed via its nationally televised shopping network 24 hours a day, 364 days a year ("QVC-US"). Internationally, QVC's program services are based in the United Kingdom ("QVC-UK"), Germany ("QVC-Germany"), Japan ("QVC-Japan") and Italy ("QVC-Italy"). QVC-UK distributes its program 24 hours a day with 17 hours of live programming and QVC-Germany and QVC-Japan each distribute live programming 24 hours a day. QVC- Italy launched on October 1, 2010 and is distributing programming live for 17 hours a day on satellite and public television and an additional 7 hours a day of recorded programming on satellite television.
QVC's operating results are as follows:
|
Years ended December 31, | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2010 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||
|
amounts in millions |
||||||||||
Net revenue |
$ | 7,807 | 7,352 | 7,285 | |||||||
Cost of sales |
(5,006 | ) | (4,748 | ) | (4,713 | ) | |||||
Gross profit |
2,801 | 2,604 | 2,572 | ||||||||
Operating expenses |
(715 | ) | (684 | ) | (703 | ) | |||||
SG&A expenses (excluding stock-based compensation) |
(415 | ) | (364 | ) | (375 | ) | |||||
Adjusted OIBDA |
1,671 | 1,556 | 1,494 | ||||||||
Stock-based compensation |
(18 | ) | (16 | ) | (15 | ) | |||||
Depreciation and amortization |
(523 | ) | (526 | ) | (528 | ) | |||||
Operating income |
$ | 1,130 | 1,014 | 951 | |||||||
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Net revenue is generated in the following geographical areas:
|
Years ended December 31, | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2010 | 2009 | 2008 | |||||||
|
amounts in millions |
|||||||||
QVC-US |
$ | 5,235 | 4,965 | 4,893 | ||||||
QVC-UK |
599 | 578 | 660 | |||||||
QVC-Germany |
956 | 942 | 954 | |||||||
QVC-Japan |
1,015 | 867 | 778 | |||||||
QVC-Italy |
2 | | ||||||||
|
$ | 7,807 | 7,352 | 7,285 | ||||||
QVC's consolidated net revenue increased 6.2% and 0.9% for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively, as compared to the corresponding prior year. The 2010 increase in net revenue is comprised of $358 million due to a 4.4% increase in units shipped from 157.8 million to 164.8 million, $193 million increase due to an increase of 2.3% in average selling price per unit ("ASP"), $34 million increase due to an increase in shipping and handling revenue and a $4 million increase due to net favorable foreign currency rates. These increases were partially offset by $134 million increase in estimated product returns. Returns as a percent of gross product revenue increased slightly to 18.9% from 18.7% due primarily to higher return rates experienced in the accessories, jewelry and electronics product categories.
The 2009 increase is comprised of $120 million due to a 2.1% increase in the ASP, $86 million due to lower estimated product returns and $46 million primarily due to an increase in shipping and handling revenue. These increases were partially offset by a $129 million decrease due to a 2.1% decrease in the number of units sold from 161.1 million to 157.8 million and $56 million due to unfavorable foreign currency rates. Returns as a percent of gross product revenue decreased from 19.8% to 18.7% and reflect a shift in the mix from jewelry and apparel to home and accessories products which typically have lower return rates.
During the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, the changes in revenue and expenses were impacted by changes in the exchange rates for the UK pound sterling, the euro and the Japanese yen. In the event the U.S. dollar strengthens against these foreign currencies in the future, QVC's revenue and operating cash flow will be negatively impacted. The percentage increase (decrease) in revenue for each of QVC's geographic areas in U.S. dollars and in local currency is as follows:
|
Percentage increase (decrease) in net revenue | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Year ended December 31, 2010 |
Year ended December 31, 2009 |
|||||||||||
|
U.S. dollars | Local currency | U.S. dollars | Local currency | |||||||||
QVC-US |
5.4 | % | 5.4 | % | 1.5 | % | 1.5 | % | |||||
QVC-UK |
3.6 | % | 5.3 | % | (12.4 | )% | 2.2 | % | |||||
QVC-Germany |
1.5 | % | 6.7 | % | (1.3 | )% | 3.1 | % | |||||
QVC-Japan |
17.1 | % | 9.7 | % | 11.4 | % | 1.4 | % |
QVC's net revenue increased in local currency in each geographical area each quarter in the year ended December 31, 2010 as compared to the prior year period. QVC-US growth in net revenue of 5.4% is due primarily to a 4.5% increase in ASP and a 1.7% increase in units sold, as well as higher shipping and handling revenue, partially offset by an increase in return rates. QVC-US shipped sales increased due to growth in sales of electronics, beauty and accessories products. QVC-UK's growth is the result of increased sales in the beauty and apparel product categories. Growth in QVC-Germany is due primarily to increased sales of home and accessories products while QVC-Japan experienced
II-29
growth in apparel and beauty. Jewelry sales declined in each previously mentioned QVC market. Italy sales consisted of primarily home and beauty products.
The QVC service is already received by substantially all of the cable television and direct broadcast satellite homes in the U.S., the UK and Germany. In addition, in Japan, analog customers are expected to be converted to a digital environment in July 2011. However, to comply with local regulations, cable operators are required to carry an analog signal by converting the digital signal at their head-end to continue analog viewership until 2015 for those who could not receive a digital signal. It is likely that such analog switch-off will have some negative impact on the overall number of subscribers viewing the program. QVC is currently evaluating the possible impact on QVC-Japan's results as well as opportunities to acquire subscribers via other distribution channels that will aid in mitigating the impact of the conversion. QVC's future sales growth will primarily depend on expansions into new countries, such as Italy, sales growth from our e-commerce platforms, additions of new customers from homes already receiving the QVC service and growth in sales to existing customers. QVC's future sales may also be affected by (i) the willingness of cable and satellite distributors to continue carrying QVC's programming service, (ii) QVC's ability to maintain favorable channel positioning, which has become more difficult as distributors convert analog customers to digital, (iii) changes in television viewing habits because of personal video recorders, video-on-demand and IP television and (iv) general economic conditions.
QVC's gross profit percentage was 35.9%, 35.4% and 35.3% for the three years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. The increase in the gross profit percentage in 2010 is due primarily to lower obsolescence expense as QVC continued to maintain tight inventory control.
QVC's operating expenses are principally comprised of commissions, order processing and customer service expenses, credit card processing fees, telecommunications expense and production costs. Operating expenses increased $31 million or 4.5% and decreased $19 million or 2.7% for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively. The increase in 2010 is due primarily to an $11 million increase related to operating expenses for QVC-Italy due to the October 2010 launch. Other increases include an increase in commissions expense due to sales growth, an increase in production personnel expenses and an increase in credit card fees due to sales growth as well as an increase in rates. Despite the Italy expense, as a percent of net revenue, operating expenses declined from 9.3% to 9.2% for the year ended December 31, 2010 compared to the prior year. The 2010 decrease in operating expenses as a percent of net revenue is due primarily to lower customer service expenses due to an improvement in staff efficiencies as well as an increase in online ordering. In addition, telecommunications expense decreased due to more favorable contract rates. The decrease in 2009 operating expense is due primarily to lower customer service expenses due to staff efficiencies.
QVC's SG&A expenses include personnel, information technology, provision for doubtful accounts, credit card income and marketing and advertising expenses. Such expenses increased 14.0% and decreased 2.9% for years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively.
Included in QVC's SG&A results are $18 million and $2 million of costs for years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively, related to the launch of the QVC-Italy service. QVC-Italy incurred an adjusted OIBDA loss in 2010 and 2009 of $32 million and $5 million, respectively.
Net credit card operations income increased $3 million for the year ended December 31, 2010. Effective August 2, 2010, upon the expiration of the existing contract, QVC entered into a new agreement with GE Money Bank, who provides revolving credit directly to QVC customers solely for the purchase of merchandise from QVC. Under the new agreement QVC receives a portion of the economics from the credit card program according to percentages that vary with the performance of the portfolio. The new agreement, which will expire in August 2015, is substantially different than the expired agreement. QVC's operating income (and adjusted OIBDA) will be negatively impacted due to the terms of the new agreement. However, QVC has used the $501 million of cash proceeds from the
II-30
recovery of its noninterest bearing cash deposit maintained at GE Money Bank in connection with the prior arrangement to retire a portion of its outstanding bank facility in order to reduce debt service cost. QVC's net credit card income would have been $14 million more favorable in 2010 based on the terms of the expired contract compared to the new contract.
Excluding the impact of Italy and net credit card operations, QVC's SG&A expense increased $38 million or 8.4% for the year ended December 31, 2010. The increase is due primarily to an $8 million increase in online marketing and public relations events, a $7 million increase in personnel expenses primarily related to increased management bonus compensation, $7 million increase in software expense, $6 million increase in outside services, $5 million increase in bad debt expense and a $4 million increase in franchise and sales tax due primarily to favorable audit settlements recorded in the prior year.
SG&A expenses decreased in 2009 as higher bad debt expense of $15 million was more than offset by lower personnel and marketing expenses and higher credit card income.
e-commerce businesses. Our e-commerce businesses are comprised primarily of Provide, Backcountry, Bodybuilding and Celebrate. Revenue for the e-commerce businesses is seasonal due to certain holidays, which drive a significant portion of the e-commerce businesses' revenue. The third quarter is generally lower, as compared to the other three quarters, due to fewer holidays. Revenue increased $172 million or 18.0% and $159 million or 20.0% for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively, as compared to the corresponding prior year periods. Overall product revenue growth was partially offset by lower commission revenue earned when customers sign-up for third-party on-line discount services. In the first quarter of 2010, a decision was made to change the way these promotions are offered which we believe caused revenue from this program to be lower for 2010 by $25 million. Revenue earned from the commissions yielded significantly higher margins than product sales, and therefore, the reduction in this revenue more negatively impacted Adjusted OIBDA on a percentage basis. Additionally, during the period increased marketing spend helped grow revenue and new customer names but impacted the margin percentage negatively. These negative impacts offset the growth in product related Adjusted OIBDA that was achieved by our other e-commerce businesses. Adjusted OIBDA for the e-commerce businesses decreased 8.0% for the year ended December 31, 2010 and represented 9.2% of revenue in 2010, as compared to 11.8% in 2009.
Starz Group
The Starz Group is primarily comprised of our subsidiary Starz, LLC and approximately $878 million (as of December 31, 2010) of cash, including subsidiary cash.
The following discussion and analysis provides information concerning the attributed results of operations of the Starz Group and is presented as though the Reclassification had been completed on January 1, 2008. This discussion should be read in conjunction with (1) our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and (2) the Unaudited Attributed Financial Information for Tracking Stock Groups filed as Exhibited 99.1 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
II-31
Results of Operations
|
Years ended December 31, | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2010 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||
|
amounts in millions |
||||||||||
Revenue |
|||||||||||
Starz, LLC |
$ | 1,329 | 1,193 | 1,111 | |||||||
Corporate and other |
13 | 11 | 13 | ||||||||
|
$ | 1,342 | 1,204 | 1,124 | |||||||
Adjusted OIBDA |
|||||||||||
Starz, LLC |
$ | 415 | 384 | 301 | |||||||
Corporate and other |
(14 | ) | (10 | ) | (11 | ) | |||||
|
$ | 401 | 374 | 290 | |||||||
Operating Income (Loss) |
|||||||||||
Starz, LLC |
$ | 358 | 330 | (975 | ) | ||||||
Corporate and other |
(31 | ) | (58 | ) | (38 | ) | |||||
|
$ | 327 | 272 | (1,013 | ) | ||||||
Starz, LLC. Starz, LLC ("Starz") provides premium networks distributed by cable operators, direct-to-home satellite providers, telephone companies and other distributors in the United States and develops, produces and acquires entertainment content and distributes such content to consumers in the United States and throughout the world. Additionally, as of September 30, 2010, Starz includes the remaining operations of Starz Media. Starz is managed based on the following lines of business: Starz Channels (legacy Starz Entertainment business, excluding ancillary revenue and expenses related to original programming) and Home Video, Animation, Television, Digital Media and Theatrical (legacy Starz Media businesses). We believe, with the decisions that have been made surrounding the legacy Starz Media businesses, the prospective results of Starz will be largely driven by the results of Starz Channels.
The following discussion regarding the results of Starz include the twelve months of activity for legacy Starz Entertainment and 3 months of activity for the legacy Starz Media businesses. A large portion of Starz's revenue is derived from the delivery of movies and original programming by Starz Channels. Some of Starz's affiliation agreements provide for payments to Starz based on the number of subscribers that receive the channel services ("consignment agreements"). Starz also has fixed-rate affiliation agreements with certain of its customers. Pursuant to these agreements, the customers pay an agreed-upon rate regardless of the number of subscribers. The agreed-upon rate may be increased annually to the extent the contract provides for an increase. The affiliation agreements expire in 2011 through 2018. During the year ended December 31, 2010, approximately 56% of the Starz Channels' revenue was generated by its three largest customers, Comcast, DIRECTV and Dish Network, each of which individually generated more than 10% of the Starz Channel revenue for such period.
II-32
Starz's operating results are as follows:
|
Years ended December 31, | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2010 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||
|
amounts in millions |
||||||||||
Revenue |
$ | 1,329 | 1,193 | 1,111 | |||||||
Operating expenses |
(762 | ) | (677 | ) | (675 | ) | |||||
SG&A expenses |
(152 | ) | (132 | ) | (135 | ) | |||||
Adjusted OIBDA |
415 |
384 |
301 |
||||||||
Stock-based compensation |
(41 | ) | (38 | ) | (19 | ) | |||||
Depreciation and amortization |
(16 | ) | (16 | ) | (18 | ) | |||||
Impairment of long-lived assets |
| | (1,239 | ) | |||||||
Operating income (loss) |
$ | 358 | 330 | (975 | ) | ||||||
As discussed above, the year ended December 31, 2010 results for Starz include twelve months of legacy Starz Entertainment business operations and three months of Starz Media operations due to the Starz Media Reattribution being treated prospectively for tracking stock purposes. The historical results for Starz as of December 31, 2009 and 2008 are the historical results of Starz Entertainment. The Starz Media historical operations and results for the nine months ended September 30, 2010 are described in the Liberty Capital tracking stock group results starting at page II-34. For the year ended December 31, 2010 the breakdown of Revenue, Adjusted OIBDA and Operating Income of Starz, LLC between the legacy Starz Entertainment business and the legacy Starz Media business is as follows:
|
Starz Entertainment |
Starz Media |
Intercompany Elimination |
Starz, LLC | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Revenue |
$ | 1,247 | $ | 96 | $ | (14 | ) | $ | 1,329 | ||||
Adjusted OIBDA |
$ | 407 | $ | 14 | $ | (6 | ) | $ | 415 | ||||
Operating Income |
$ | 352 | $ | 12 | $ | (6 | ) | $ | 358 |
Starz's revenue increased 11.4% and 7.4% for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively, as compared to the corresponding prior year. The 2010 revenue increase is largely because of the addition of the Starz Media businesses in the fourth quarter. Excluding the Starz Media revenue Starz's revenue increased 4.5% from the same prior year period due to increases in the average number of subscriptions for the Starz Channels' networks as well as rate increases and ancillary revenues. The 2010 increase in revenue is comprised of $19 million due to growth in the weighted average number of subscriptions, $16 million due to a higher effective rate for Starz Channels' services and $18 million due primarily to an increase in ancillary revenue from home video and international television revenue associated with original programs (primarily Spartacus: Blood and Sand). The 2009 increase in revenue is comprised of $30 million due to growth in the weighted average number of subscriptions, $31 million due to a higher effective rate for Starz Channels' services and $21 million due to new products and services.
Starz, Encore and the Encore thematic multiplex channels ("EMP") are the primary drivers of Starz's revenue. Starz average subscriptions were relatively flat in 2010 and increased 2.8% in 2009; and EMP average subscriptions increased 1.2% in 2010 and were essentially flat in 2009. The impact on revenue due to subscription increases is affected by the relative percentages of increases under consignment agreements and fixed-rate affiliation agreements. In this regard, as of December 31, 2010 subscriptions under fixed-rate agreements were 26.8 million while subscriptions under consignment agreements were 24.2 million. As of December 31, 2009, subscriptions under fixed-rate affiliation agreements were 25.4 million while subscriptions under consignment agreements were 22.1 million.
II-33
Starz's operating expenses increased 12.5% in 2010 and were relatively flat in 2009. The increase in 2010 is primarily due to the Starz Media Reattribution which added $54 million in operating expense in the fourth quarter of 2010. Excluding the impacts of Starz Media operating expenses increased 4.6%. Programming expenses are Starz's primary operating expense and comprised approximately 97%, 98% and 98% of total operating expense for 2010, 2009 and 2008, respectively. In 2010 we note that programming expense as a percentage of operating expense decreased but overall programming increased due primarily to increased original programming aired in the period. We expect that programming costs and home video costs for original programming will continue to increase in the future as Starz continues to invest in original programming.
Starz's SG&A expenses increased by $20 million in 2010 and decreased slightly in 2009. The 2010 increase was entirely due to the Starz Media Reattribution. The 2009 decrease is due to lower advertising expenses.
In accordance with the appraisal proceeding, Starz settled the outstanding balance of an equity appreciation right held by the founder and former CEO in December of 2010 for approximately $150 million in cash and recorded an additional $33 million in stock based compensation expense as a result during the fourth quarter of 2010.
In connection with our 2008 annual evaluation of the recoverability of our goodwill, we estimated the fair value of our reporting units using a combination of discounted cash flows and market comparisons and determined that the carrying value of the goodwill for Starz exceeded its fair value. As a result, we recorded an impairment charge of $1,239 million. See our discussion of our consolidated results of operations above for a more complete description of these impairment charges.
Capital Group
The Capital Group is comprised of our subsidiaries and assets not attributed to the Interactive Group or the Starz Group, including our subsidiaries Starz Media through September 30, 2010 (results of Starz Media will be included in the Starz Group prospectively), ANLBC and TruePosition, as well as investments in SIRIUS XM, Time Warner Inc., Sprint Nextel Corporation and other public and private companies. In addition, we have attributed $1,888 million principal amount (as of December 31, 2010) of our exchangeable senior debentures and other parent debt to the Capital Group.
The following discussion and analysis provides information concerning the attributed results of operations of the Capital Group. The following discussion is presented as though the Reclassification had been completed on January 1, 2008. This discussion should be read in conjunction with (1) our consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and (2) the Unaudited Attributed Financial Information for Tracking Stock Groups filed as Exhibit 99.1 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
II-34
Results of Operations
|
Years ended December 31, | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2010 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||
|
amounts in millions |
||||||||||
Revenue |
|||||||||||
Starz Media |
$ | 317 | 364 | 321 | |||||||
Corporate and other |
391 | 285 | 293 | ||||||||
|
$ | 708 | 649 | 614 | |||||||
Adjusted OIBDA |
|||||||||||
Starz Media |
$ | (67 | ) | (93 | ) | (189 | ) | ||||
Corporate and other |
(10 | ) | (82 | ) | (108 | ) | |||||
|
$ | (77 | ) | (175 | ) | (297 | ) | ||||
Operating Loss |
|||||||||||
Starz Media |
$ | (71 | ) | (100 | ) | (395 | ) | ||||
Corporate and other |
(61 | ) | (163 | ) | (256 | ) | |||||
|
$ | (132 | ) | (263 | ) | (651 | ) | ||||
Revenue. The Capital Group's combined revenue increased 9.1% and 5.7% for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively, as compared to the corresponding prior year. The revenue increase for 2010 was primarily driven by TruePosition's delivery of the final specified upgrade under their AT&T contract. The delivery of this upgrade resulted in TruePosition recognizing previously deferred revenue ($117 million) under that contract in 2010. In February of 2011 TruePosition signed an amended contract that materially changed the terms of the existing AT&T contract. Due to the transition provisions of the new revenue recognition rules a contract that is materially modified is subject to the new accounting standard. Therefore, the Company is currently analyzing the impacts of the material modification and believe that recognition of a significant portion of the deferred revenue and deferred cost associated with that contract may be required in the first quarter of 2011, under the new provisions. As of December 31, 2010, deferred revenue and deferred cost under the AT&T arrangement were $576 million and $168 million, respectively. This revenue growth was offset by Starz Media being reattributed to the Starz Group as of September 30, 2010. Accordingly Starz Media's results were only reflected for nine months in 2010 versus twelve months in 2009. The 2009 increase in Starz Media's revenue is attributable to a $50 million aggregate increase in theatrical, home video and television revenue from movies released by Overture Films, including $17 million of intercompany revenue from Starz Entertainment related to the airing of Overture Films' movies on Starz Channels' networks. Such intercompany revenue is eliminated in corporate and other. The increases for Overture Films were partially offset by lower theatrical, home video and for-hire animation revenue at Starz Media's other divisions. Included in Capital Group's corporate and other revenue are payments from CNBC related to a revenue sharing agreement between our company and CNBC. The agreement has no termination date, and payments aggregated $24 million for all years presented.
Adjusted OIBDA. The Capital Group's Adjusted OIBDA loss decreased $98 million and $122 million in 2010 and 2009, respectively, as compared to the corresponding prior year. The primary reason for the decreased Adjusted OIBDA losses for 2010 is the recognition of revenue and costs at TruePosition as described above. Adjusted OIBDA losses for TruePosition decreased by $74 million in 2010 as compared to 2009. The number of movies released and the timing of revenue and expenses related to such movies released by Overture Films primarily drove the lower Adjusted OIBDA loss in 2010 and 2009. Theatrical print costs and advertising expenses related to the release of a film are recognized at the time the advertisements are run and generally exceed the theatrical revenue earned
II-35
from the film. In July 2010, a decision was made to shutdown Overture Films' theatrical and distribution operations. At September 30, 2010, the remaining film library for Overture Films were attributed to the Starz Group in the Starz Media Reattribution. Therefore, the associated revenue and amortization of film costs are reflected in the Starz, LLC operations for the fourth quarter.
The lower 2009 Adjusted OIBDA loss for corporate and other is due to TruePosition which improved $36 million as a result of lower operating costs for its primary equipment business and reduced marketing expenses for its new product and service initiatives. The improvement for TruePosition was partially offset by higher Adjusted OIBDA losses for the Capital Group's other subsidiaries.
Impairment of long-lived assets. In connection with our 2008 annual evaluation of the recoverability of our goodwill, we estimated the fair value of our reporting units using a combination of discounted cash flows and market comparisons and determined that the carrying value of the goodwill for Starz Media and certain of our other subsidiaries exceeded its fair value, and we recorded an aggregate impairment charge of $251 million. See our discussion of our consolidated results of operations above for a more complete description of this impairment charge.
Operating loss. The Capital Group's operating losses decreased in 2010 and in 2009. Such changes are due to the Adjusted OIBDA losses and impairment charges discussed above.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.
We are exposed to market risk in the normal course of business due to our ongoing investing and financing activities and the conduct of operations by our subsidiaries in different foreign countries. Market risk refers to the risk of loss arising from adverse changes in stock prices, interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. The risk of loss can be assessed from the perspective of adverse changes in fair values, cash flows and future earnings. We have established policies, procedures and internal processes governing our management of market risks and the use of financial instruments to manage our exposure to such risks.
We are exposed to changes in interest rates primarily as a result of our borrowing and investment activities, which include investments in fixed and floating rate debt instruments and borrowings used to maintain liquidity and to fund business operations. The nature and amount of our long-term and short-term debt are expected to vary as a result of future requirements, market conditions and other factors. We manage our exposure to interest rates by maintaining what we believe is an appropriate mix of fixed and variable rate debt. We believe this best protects us from interest rate risk. We have achieved this mix by (i) issuing fixed rate debt that we believe has a low stated interest rate and significant term to maturity, (ii) issuing variable rate debt with appropriate maturities and interest rates and (iii) entering into interest rate swap arrangements when we deem appropriate. As of December 31, 2010, our debt is comprised of the following amounts.
|
Variable rate debt | Fixed rate debt | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Principal amount |
Weighted avg interest rate |
Principal amount |
Weighted avg interest rate |
|||||||||
|
dollar amounts in millions |
||||||||||||
Interactive Group |
$ | 813 | 2.5 | % | $ | 5,125 | 6.0 | % | |||||
Capital Group |
$ | 750 | 0.5 | % | $ | 1,138 | 3.1 | % | |||||
Starz Group |
$ | 60 | 2.4 | % | $ | 45 | 5.5 | % |
In addition, QVC has entered into (i) interest rate swaps with an aggregate notional amount of $2.2 billion pursuant to which it pays a fixed rate of 5.0-5.3% and receives variable payments at 3-month LIBOR.
II-36
Each of our tracking stock groups is exposed to changes in stock prices primarily as a result of our holdings in publicly traded securities. We continually monitor changes in stock markets, in general, and changes in the stock prices of our holdings, specifically. We believe that changes in stock prices can be expected to vary as a result of general market conditions, technological changes, specific industry changes and other factors.
At December 31, 2010, the fair value of our AFS securities attributed to the Capital Group was $3,701 million. Had the market price of such securities been 10% lower at December 31, 2010, the aggregate value of such securities would have been $370 million lower. Our exchangeable senior debentures are also subject to market risk. Because we mark these instruments to fair value each reporting date, increases in the stock price of the respective underlying security generally result in higher liabilities and unrealized losses in our statement of operations.
The Interactive Group is exposed to foreign exchange rate fluctuations related primarily to the monetary assets and liabilities and the financial results of QVC's foreign subsidiaries. Assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries for which the functional currency is the local currency are translated into U.S. dollars at period-end exchange rates, and the statements of operations are generally translated at the average exchange rate for the period. Exchange rate fluctuations on translating foreign currency financial statements into U.S. dollars that result in unrealized gains or losses are referred to as translation adjustments. Cumulative translation adjustments are recorded in other comprehensive earnings (loss) as a separate component of stockholders' equity. Transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are recorded based on exchange rates at the time such transactions arise. Subsequent changes in exchange rates result in transaction gains and losses, which are reflected in income as unrealized (based on period-end translations) or realized upon settlement of the transactions. Cash flows from our operations in foreign countries are translated at the average rate for the period. Accordingly, the Interactive Group may experience economic loss and a negative impact on earnings and equity with respect to our holdings solely as a result of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations.
We periodically assess the effectiveness of our derivative financial instruments. With regard to interest rate swaps, we monitor the fair value of interest rate swaps as well as the effective interest rate the interest rate swap yields, in comparison to historical interest rate trends. We believe that any losses incurred with regard to interest rate swaps would be offset by the effects of interest rate movements on the underlying debt facilities. These measures allow our management to evaluate the success of our use of derivative instruments and to determine when to enter into or exit from derivative instruments.
Our derivative instruments are executed with counterparties who are well known major financial institutions with high credit ratings. While we believe these derivative instruments effectively manage the risks highlighted above, they are subject to counterparty credit risk. Counterparty credit risk is the risk that the counterparty is unable to perform under the terms of the derivative instrument upon settlement of the derivative instrument. To protect ourselves against credit risk associated with these counterparties we generally:
Due to the importance of these derivative instruments to our risk management strategy, we actively monitored the creditworthiness of each of these counterparties.
II-37
At December 31, 2010, we have no derivative assets. Therefore, we have no counterparty credit risk as of December 31, 2010.
Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
The consolidated financial statements of Liberty Media Corporation are filed under this Item, beginning on Page II-41. The financial statement schedules required by Regulation S-X are filed under Item 15 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.
None.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.
In accordance with Exchange Act Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15, the Company carried out an evaluation, under the supervision and with the participation of management, including its chief executive officer, principal accounting officer and principal financial officer (the "Executives"), of the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on that evaluation, the Executives concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2010 to provide reasonable assurance that information required to be disclosed in its reports filed or submitted under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and forms.
See page II-39 for Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting.
See page II-40 for Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm for our accountant's attestation regarding our internal control over financial reporting.
There has been no change in the Company's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the three months ended December 31, 2010 that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, its internal control over financial reporting.
None.
II-38
MANAGEMENT'S REPORT ON INTERNAL
CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
Liberty Media Corporation's management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over the Company's financial reporting. The Company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. The Company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions of the Company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; (3) provide reasonable assurance that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (4) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company's assets that could have a material effect on the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
Because of inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies and procedures may deteriorate.
The Company assessed the design and effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2010. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission ("COSO") in Internal ControlIntegrated Framework.
Based upon our assessment using the criteria contained in COSO, management has concluded that, as of December 31, 2010, Liberty Media Corporation's internal control over financial reporting is effectively designed and operating effectively.
Liberty Media Corporation's independent registered public accountants audited the consolidated financial statements and related disclosures in the Annual Report on Form 10-K and have issued an audit report on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. This report appears on page II-40 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
II-39
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The
Board of Directors and Stockholders
Liberty Media Corporation:
We have audited Liberty Media Corporation's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2010, based on criteria established in Internal ControlIntegrated Framework, issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Liberty Media Corporation's management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audit also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A company's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, Liberty Media Corporation maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2010, based on criteria established in Internal ControlIntegrated Framework, issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of Liberty Media Corporation and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive earnings, cash flows, and equity for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2010, and our report dated February 28, 2011 expressed an unqualified opinion on those consolidated financial statements.
KPMG LLP
Denver,
Colorado
February 28, 2011
II-40
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The
Board of Directors and Stockholders
Liberty Media Corporation:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Liberty Media Corporation and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive earnings, cash flows, and equity for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2010. These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Liberty Media Corporation and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2010 and 2009, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2010, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
As discussed in note 3 to the consolidated financial statements, effective January 1, 2009, the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 160, Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statementsan amendment of ARB No. 51 (included in FASB ASC Topic 810, Consolidation).
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), Liberty Media Corporation and subsidiaries' internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2010, based on criteria established in Internal ControlIntegrated Framework, issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and our report dated February 28, 2011 expressed an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
KPMG LLP
Denver,
Colorado
February 28, 2011
II-41
LIBERTY MEDIA CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
December 31, 2010 and 2009
|
2010 | 2009 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
amounts in millions |
||||||||
Assets |
|||||||||
Current assets: |
|||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 3,179 | 4,835 | ||||||
Trade and other receivables, net |
1,142 | 1,518 | |||||||
Inventory, net |
1,069 | 985 | |||||||
Program rights |
411 | 469 | |||||||
Financial instruments (note 9) |
| 752 | |||||||
Short term marketable securities |
509 | 35 | |||||||
Other current assets |
245 | 133 | |||||||
Total current assets |
6,555 | 8,727 | |||||||
Investments in available-for-sale securities and other cost investments, including $1,219 million and $851 million pledged as collateral for share borrowing arrangements (note 7) |
4,551 | 4,120 | |||||||
Investments in affiliates, accounted for using the equity method (note 8) |
1,040 | 1,030 | |||||||
Property and equipment, at cost |
2,297 |
2,163 |
|||||||
Accumulated depreciation |
(1,012 | ) | (858 | ) | |||||
|
1,285 | 1,305 | |||||||
Intangible assets not subject to amortization (note 10): |
|||||||||
Goodwill |
6,315 | 6,225 | |||||||
Trademarks |
2,513 | 2,508 | |||||||
Other |
153 | 153 | |||||||
|
8,981 | 8,886 | |||||||
Intangible assets subject to amortization, net (note 10) |
2,759 | 3,027 | |||||||
Other assets, at cost, net of accumulated amortization |
1,429 | 1,536 | |||||||
Total assets |
$ | 26,600 | 28,631 | ||||||
(continued)
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
II-42
LIBERTY MEDIA CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (Continued)
December 31, 2010 and 2009
|
2010 | 2009 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
amounts in millions |
|||||||||
Liabilities and Equity |
||||||||||
Current liabilities: |
||||||||||
Accounts payable |
$ | 651 | 598 | |||||||
Accrued liabilities |
995 | 1,037 | ||||||||
Financial instruments (note 9) |
1,264 | 1,002 | ||||||||
Current portion of debt (note 11) |
530 | 1,932 | ||||||||
Deferred tax liabilities (note 12) |
864 | 1,247 | ||||||||
Deferred revenue |
347 | 137 | ||||||||
Other current liabilities |
88 | 223 | ||||||||
Total current liabilities |
4,739 | 6,176 | ||||||||
Long-term debt, including $2,506 million and $2,254 million measured at fair value (note 11) |
6,788 | 7,842 | ||||||||
Long-term financial instruments (note 9) |
94 | 132 | ||||||||
Deferred tax liabilities (note 12) |
2,211 | 2,675 | ||||||||
Deferred revenue |
860 | 1,040 | ||||||||
Other liabilities |
466 | 528 | ||||||||
Total liabilities |
15,158 | 18,393 | ||||||||
Equity |
||||||||||
Stockholders' equity (note 13): |
||||||||||
Preferred stock, $.01 par value. Authorized 50,000,000 shares; no shares issued |
| | ||||||||
Series A Liberty Capital common stock, $.01 par value. Authorized 2,000,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding 75,139,893 shares at December 31, 2010 and 89,814,862 shares at December 31, 2009 |
1 | 1 | ||||||||
Series B Liberty Capital common stock, $.01 par value. Authorized 75,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding 7,363,948 shares at December 31, 2010 and 7,405,151 shares at December 31, 2009 |
| | ||||||||
Series A Liberty Starz common stock, $.01 par value. Authorized 4,000,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding 49,130,652 shares at December 31, 2010 and 49,673,954 shares at December 31, 2009 |
| | ||||||||
Series B Liberty Starz common stock, $.01 par value. Authorized 150,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding 2,917,815 shares at December 31, 2010 and 2,365,545 shares at December 31, 2009 |
| | ||||||||
Series A Liberty Interactive common stock, $.01 par value. Authorized 4,000,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding 570,731,067 shares at December 31, 2010 and 567,044,845 shares at December 31, 2009 |
6 | 6 | ||||||||
Series B Liberty Interactive common stock, $.01 par value. Authorized 150,000,000 shares; issued and outstanding 29,059,016 shares at December 31, 2010 and 29,276,689 shares at December 31, 2009 |
| | ||||||||
Additional paid-in capital |
8,338 | 8,900 | ||||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive earnings, net of taxes (note 17) |
226 | 352 | ||||||||
Retained earnings (deficit) |
2,742 | 850 | ||||||||
Total stockholders' equity |
11,313 | 10,109 | ||||||||
Noncontrolling interests in equity of subsidiaries |
129 |
129 |
||||||||
Total equity |
11,442 | 10,238 | ||||||||
Commitments and contingencies (note 19) |
||||||||||
Total liabilities and equity |
$ |
26,600 |
28,631 |
|||||||
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
II-43
LIBERTY MEDIA CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
Years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008
|
2010 | 2009 | 2008 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
amounts in millions, except per share amounts |
|||||||||||
Revenue: |
||||||||||||
Net retail sales |
$ | 8,932 | 8,305 | 8,079 | ||||||||
Communications and programming services |
2,050 | 1,853 | 1,738 | |||||||||
|
10,982 | 10,158 | 9,817 | |||||||||
Operating costs and expenses: |
||||||||||||
Cost of sales |
5,705 | 5,332 | 5,224 | |||||||||
Operating |
2,083 | 1,923 | 1,945 | |||||||||
Selling, general and administrative, including stock-based compensation (note 15) |
1,274 | 1,178 | 1,149 | |||||||||
Depreciation |
185 | 189 | 191 | |||||||||
Amortization |
476 | 477 | 497 | |||||||||
Legal settlement |
(48 | ) | | | ||||||||
Impairment of long-lived assets (note 10) |
4 | 9 | 1,569 | |||||||||
|
9,679 | 9,108 | 10,575 | |||||||||
Operating income (loss) |
1,303 | 1,050 | (758 | ) | ||||||||
Other income (expense): |
||||||||||||
Interest expense |
(647 | ) | (628 | ) | (667 | ) | ||||||
Dividend and interest income |
92 | 125 | 174 | |||||||||
Share of earnings (losses) of affiliates, net (note 8) |
50 | (58 | ) | (1,263 | ) | |||||||
Realized and unrealized gains (losses) on financial instruments, net (note 9) |
232 | (155 | ) | (260 | ) | |||||||
Gains on dispositions, net (notes 7 and 8) |
569 | 284 | 15 | |||||||||
Other than temporary declines in fair value of investments (note 7) |
| (9 | ) | (441 | ) | |||||||
Gain (loss) on early extinguishment of debt |
(39 | ) | (11 | ) | 240 | |||||||
Other, net |
(2 | ) | 23 | (71 | ) | |||||||
|
255 | (429 | ) | (2,273 | ) | |||||||
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes |
1,558 | 621 | (3,031 | ) | ||||||||
Income tax benefit (note 12) |
379 | 16 | 742 | |||||||||
Earnings (loss) from continuing operations |
1,937 | 637 | (2,289 | ) | ||||||||
Earnings from discontinued operations, net of taxes (note 5) |
| 5,864 | 5,812 | |||||||||
Net earnings |
1,937 | 6,501 | 3,523 | |||||||||
Less net earnings attributable to the noncontrolling interests |
45 |
39 |
44 |
|||||||||
Net earnings attributable to Liberty Media Corporation stockholders |
$ | 1,892 | 6,462 | 3,479 | ||||||||
Net earnings (loss) attributable to Liberty Media Corporation stockholders: |
||||||||||||
Liberty Capital common stock |
$ | 815 | 127 | (526 | ) | |||||||
Liberty Starz common stock |
206 | 6,077 | (616 | ) | ||||||||
Liberty Interactive common stock |
871 | 258 | (781 | ) | ||||||||
Old Liberty Capital common stock |
| | 5,402 | |||||||||
|
$ | 1,892 | 6,462 | 3,479 | ||||||||
(continued)
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
II-44
LIBERTY MEDIA CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (Continued)
Years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008
|
2010 | 2009 | 2008 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
amounts in millions, except per share amounts |
|||||||||||
Basic earnings (loss) from continuing operations attributable to Liberty Media Corporation stockholders per common share (note 3): |
||||||||||||
Series A and Series B Liberty Capital common stock |
$ | 9.06 | 1.32 | (4.65 | ) | |||||||
Series A and Series B Liberty Starz common stock |
$ | 4.12 | .46 | (1.87 | ) | |||||||
Series A and Series B Liberty Interactive common stock |
$ | 1.46 | .43 | (1.31 | ) | |||||||
Old Series A and Series B Liberty Capital common stock |
$ | | | (.46 | ) | |||||||
Diluted earnings (loss) from continuing operations attributable to Liberty Media Corporation stockholders per common share (note 3) : |
||||||||||||
Series A and Series B Liberty Capital common stock |
$ | 8.76 | 1.31 | (4.65 | ) | |||||||
Series A and Series B Liberty Starz common stock |
$ | 3.96 | .46 | (1.87 | ) | |||||||
Series A and Series B Liberty Interactive common stock |
$ | 1.44 | .43 | (1.31 | ) | |||||||
Old Series A and Series B Liberty Capital common stock |
$ | | | (.46 | ) | |||||||
Basic net earnings (loss) attributable to Liberty Media Corporation stockholders per common share (note 3): |
||||||||||||
Series A and Series B Liberty Capital common stock |
$ | 9.06 | 1.32 | (4.65 | ) | |||||||
Series A and Series B Liberty Starz common stock |
$ | 4.12 | 13.13 | (1.19 | ) | |||||||
Series A and Series B Liberty Interactive common stock |
$ | 1.46 | .43 | (1.31 | ) | |||||||
Old Series A and Series B Liberty Capital common stock |
$ | | | 41.88 | ||||||||
Diluted net earnings (loss) attributable to Liberty Media Corporation stockholders per common share (note 3): |
||||||||||||
Series A and Series B Liberty Capital common stock |
$ | 8.76 | 1.31 | (4.65 | ) | |||||||
Series A and Series B Liberty Starz common stock |
$ | 3.96 | 13.04 | (1.19 | ) | |||||||
Series A and Series B Liberty Interactive common stock |
$ | 1.44 | .43 | (1.31 | ) | |||||||
Old Series A and Series B Liberty Capital common stock |
$ | | | 41.55 |
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
II-45
LIBERTY MEDIA CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE EARNINGS
Years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008
|
2010 | 2009 | 2008 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
amounts in millions |
|||||||||||
Net earnings |
$ | 1,937 | 6,501 | 3,523 | ||||||||
Other comprehensive earnings (loss), net of taxes (note 17): |
||||||||||||
Foreign currency translation adjustments |
(37 | ) | 3 | (19 | ) | |||||||
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period |
79 | 230 | (500 | ) | ||||||||
Recognition of previously unrealized losses (gains) on available-for-sale securities, net |
(219 | ) | (27 | ) | 273 | |||||||
Share of other comprehensive earnings (loss) of equity affiliates |
7 | (5 | ) | (10 | ) | |||||||
Other |
59 | 43 | (62 | ) | ||||||||
Other comprehensive earnings (loss) from discontinued operations |
| 31 | (2,618 | ) | ||||||||
Other comprehensive earnings (loss) |
(111 | ) | 275 | (2,936 | ) | |||||||
Comprehensive earnings |
1,826 | 6,776 | 587 | |||||||||
Less comprehensive earnings attributable to the noncontrolling interests |
60 |
32 |
71 |
|||||||||
Comprehensive earnings attributable to Liberty Media Corporation stockholders |
$ | 1,766 | 6,744 | 516 | ||||||||
Comprehensive earnings (loss) attributable to Liberty Media Corporation stockholders: |
||||||||||||
Liberty Capital common stock |
$ | 834 | 167 | (537 | ) | |||||||
Liberty Starz common stock |
206 | 6,108 | (649 | ) | ||||||||
Liberty Interactive common stock |
726 | 469 | (1,114 | ) | ||||||||
Old Liberty Capital common stock |
| | 2,816 | |||||||||
|
$ | 1,766 | 6,744 | 516 | ||||||||
See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
II-46
LIBERTY MEDIA CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008
|
2010 | 2009 | 2008 | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
amounts in millions |
||||||||||||||
|
(see note ) |
||||||||||||||
Cash flows from operating activities: |
|||||||||||||||
Net earnings |
$ | 1,937 | 6,501 | 3,523 | |||||||||||
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash provided by operating activities: |
|||||||||||||||
Earnings from discontinued operations |
| (5,864 | ) | (5,812 | ) | ||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
661 | 666 | 688 | ||||||||||||
Impairment of long-lived assets |
4 | 9 | 1,569 | ||||||||||||
Stock-based compensation |
150 | 128 | 49 | ||||||||||||
Cash payments for stock-based compensation |
(224 | ) | (11 | ) | (24 | ) | |||||||||
Noncash interest expense |
90 | 97 | 8 | ||||||||||||
Share of losses (earnings) of affiliates, net |
(50 | ) | 58 | 1,263 | |||||||||||
Return on investments |
21 | | | ||||||||||||
Realized and unrealized losses (gains) on financial instruments, net |
(232 | ) | 155 | 260 | |||||||||||
Gains on disposition of assets, net |
(569 | ) | (284 | ) | (15 | ) | |||||||||
Other than temporary declines in fair value of investments |
| 9 | 441 | ||||||||||||
Deferred income tax benefit |
(820 | ) | (158 | ) | (997 | ) | |||||||||
Other noncash charges (credits), net |
211 | 75 | (80 | ) | |||||||||||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of the effects of acquisitions and dispositions: |
|||||||||||||||
Current and other assets |
209 | 19 | (143 | ) | |||||||||||
Payables and other current liabilities |
(11 | ) | 47 | (88 | ) | ||||||||||
Net cash provided by operating activities |
1,377 | 1,447 | 642 | ||||||||||||
Cash flows from investing activities: |
|||||||||||||||
Cash proceeds from dispositions |
530 | 557 |